Immunotherapies targeting stimulatory pathways and beyond
Open accessAbstract
Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules play a critical role in T cell function. Tumor cells escape immune surveillance by promoting immunosuppression. Immunotherapy targeting inhibitory molecules like anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 were developed to overcome these immunosuppressive effects. These agents have demonstrated remarkable, durable responses in a small subset of patients. The other mechanisms for enhancing anti-tumor activities are to target the stimulatory pathways that are expressed on T cells or other immune cells. In this review, we summarize current phase I/II clinical trials evaluating novel immunotherapies targeting stimulatory pathways and outline their advantages, limitations, and future directions.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Co-stimulatory pathways including CD27/CD70, CD40/CD40L, 4-1BB/4-1BBL, OX40/OX40L, GITR/GITRL, and ICOS/ICOSL regulate T cell function.
“Besides co-inhibitory pathways such as PD-1 and CTLA-4, co-stimulatory pathways including CD27/CD70, CD40/CD40L, 4-1BB/4-1BBL, OX40/OX40L, GITR/GITRL, and ICOS/ICOSL also regulate T cell function (Fig. 2a) [168].”
From Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions (2022) · cites this paper as [168]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 168 · Cited by 52
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [130]Krisenko MO Geahlen RL Calling in SYK: SYK's dual role as a tumor promoter and tumor suppressor in cancer Biochim Biophys Acta 2015 1853 1 254 263 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.10.022 25447675 PMC4254495 · DOI
- Authors
- Marin-Acevedo, J. A., Kimbrough, E. O., Manochakian, R., Zhao, Y., & Lou, Y.
- Affiliations
- Moffitt Cancer Center (US)
- Mayo Clinic in Florida (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lou, Yanyan
- Venue
- Journal of Hematology & Oncology
- Published
- 2021-05-12
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 78-78
- ISSN
- 1756-8722 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8117548
- OpenAlex
- W3160405744
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 168
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 1.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Hematology & Oncology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- cancer immunotherapy, T cell costimulatory molecules, CTLA-4, PD-1/PD-L1, tumor immune evasion, immunosuppression, antitumor immunity
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Immunotherapy, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Tumor Microenvironment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
