Spatial architecture of the immune microenvironment orchestrates tumor immunity and therapeutic response
Open accessAbstract
Tumors are not only aggregates of malignant cells but also well-organized complex ecosystems. The immunological components within tumors, termed the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), have long been shown to be strongly related to tumor development, recurrence and metastasis. However, conventional studies that underestimate the potential value of the spatial architecture of the TIME are unable to completely elucidate its complexity. As innovative high-flux and high-dimensional technologies emerge, researchers can more feasibly and accurately detect and depict the spatial architecture of the TIME. These findings have improved our understanding of the complexity and role of the TIME in tumor biology. In this review, we first epitomized some representative emerging technologies in the study of the spatial architecture of the TIME and categorized the description methods used to characterize these structures. Then, we determined the functions of the spatial architecture of the TIME in tumor biology and the effects of the gradient of extracellular nonspecific chemicals (ENSCs) on the TIME. We also discussed the potential clinical value of our understanding of the spatial architectures of the TIME, as well as current limitations and future prospects in this novel field. This review will bring spatial architectures of the TIME, an emerging dimension of tumor ecosystem research, to the attention of more researchers and promote its application in tumor research and clinical practice.
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Immunosuppressive cells, ranging from Tregs and B cells, are recruited during tumor progression.
“Numerous studies have reported that immunosuppressive cells, ranging from Tregs and B cells, are recruited during tumor progression.254,255”
From Drug repurposing for cancer therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [255]
Table 1 in the Background identifies Tregs as immunosuppressive and pro-tumoral, and Fig. 4 describes immunosuppressive factors during tumor progression. But Table 1 classifies B lymphocytes as anti-tumoral, and the cited passages do not establish that Tregs and B cells are recruited during progression. Our copy provides no page numbers for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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References 211 · Cited by 480
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [129]Berthel A Zoernig I Valous NA Kahlert C Klupp F Ulrich A Detailed resolution analysis reveals spatial T cell heterogeneity in the invasive margin of colorectal cancer liver metastases associated with improved survival Oncoimmunology. 2017 6 3 e1286436 10.1080/2162402X.2017.1286436 28405518 PMC5384380 · DOI
- [166]Riera-Domingo C Audigé A Granja S Cheng WC Ho PC Baltazar F Immunity, hypoxia, and metabolism-the ménage à trois of cancer: implications for immunotherapy Physiol Rev 2020 100 1 1 102 10.1152/physrev.00018.2019 31414610 · DOI · Paper page
- Authors
- Fu, T., Dai, L.-J., Wu, S.-Y., Xiao, Y., Ma, D., Jiang, Y.-Z., & Shao, Z.-M.
- Affiliations
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Ma, Ding
- Jiang, Yi-Zhou
- Shao, Zhi-Ming
- Venue
- Journal of Hematology & Oncology
- Published
- 2021-06-25
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 98-98
- ISSN
- 1756-8722 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8234625
- OpenAlex
- W3173767537
- Cited by
- 480
- References
- 211
- Citations by year
- 2026: 94 · 2025: 93 · 2024: 137 · 2023: 98 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 9.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Hematology & Oncology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Key Research and Development Project of China (2020YFA0112304)
- Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (20XD1421100)
- Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation for College Young Teachers (171034)
- Innovation Team of Ministry of Education (IRT1223)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer (12DZ2260100)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (82002802)
- Shanghai Sailing Program for Youth S & T Talents (20YF1408700)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Keywords
- tumor immune microenvironment, spatial architecture, tumor microenvironment, antitumor immunity, treatment response, tumor ecosystem, tumor progression and metastasis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Immunity, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, Tumor Escape, Tumor Microenvironment
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