The DOI matches its Crossref record; 316 of the 318 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet.
Combination strategies to maximize the benefits of cancer immunotherapy
Open accessAbstract
Immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT) have revolutionized cancer treatment, especially in patients whose disease was otherwise considered incurable. However, primary and secondary resistance to single agent immunotherapy often results in treatment failure, and only a minority of patients experience long-term benefits. This review article will discuss the relationship between cancer immune response and mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy. It will also provide a comprehensive review on the latest clinical status of combination therapies (e.g., immunotherapy with chemotherapy, radiation therapy and targeted therapy), and discuss combination therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. It will provide an overview of therapies targeting cytokines and other soluble immunoregulatory factors, ACT, virotherapy, innate immune modifiers and cancer vaccines, as well as combination therapies that exploit alternative immune targets and other therapeutic modalities. Finally, this review will include the stimulating insights from the 2020 China Immuno-Oncology Workshop co-organized by the Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network (CAHON), the China National Medical Product Administration (NMPA) and Tsinghua University School of Medicine.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Accumulating evidence indicates that chemotherapy, radiotherapy, angiogenesis inhibitor, stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), epigenetic modulators, or other immunomodulators could synergize α-PD-1/PD-L1, by enhancing cancer antigen release, APC function, or effector activity [22–31].”
From Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions (2022) · cites this paper as [31]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Adverse Renal Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Narrative Review
Wanchoo, R., Karam, S., Uppal, N. N., Barta, V. S., Deray, G., Devoe, C., Launay‐Vacher, V., Jhaveri, K. D., & on behalf of Cancer and Kidney International Network Workgroup on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2017) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000455014 · Cited by 15,320
Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma
Hodi, F. S., O'Day, S. J., McDermott, D. F., Weber, R. W., Sosman, J. A., Haanen, J. B., Gonzalez, R., Robert, C., Schadendorf, D., Hassel, J. C., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1003466 · Cited by 15,155
Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine
Polack, F. P., Thomas, S. J., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Perez, J. L., Pérez Marc, G., Moreira, E. D., Zerbini, C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2034577 · Cited by 14,592 · cited 1×
“Two coronavirus (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines approved in the US are both RNA vaccines formulated in lipid nanoparticles [285, 286].”
BackgroundEfficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine
Baden, L. R., El Sahly, H. M., Essink, B., Kotloff, K., Frey, S., Novak, R., Diemert, D., Spector, S. A., Rouphael, N., Creech, C. B., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2035389 · Cited by 10,119 · cited 1×
“Two coronavirus (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines approved in the US are both RNA vaccines formulated in lipid nanoparticles [285, 286].”
BackgroundCombined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab or Monotherapy in Untreated Melanoma
Larkin, J., Chiarion-Sileni, V., Gonzalez, R., Grob, J. J., Cowey, C. L., Lao, C. D., Schadendorf, D., Dummer, R., Smylie, M., Rutkowski, P., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1504030 · Cited by 8,157
Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Finn, R. S., Qin, S., Ikeda, M., Galle, P. R., Ducreux, M., Kim, T.-Y., Kudo, M., Breder, V., Merle, P., Kaseb, A. O., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1915745 · Cited by 7,470
Oncology meets immunology: the cancer-immunity cycle.
Chen, D. S., & Mellman, I. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.07.012 · Cited by 6,929
Galluzzi, L., Vitale, I., Aaronson, S. A., Abrams, J. M., Adam, D., Agostinis, P., Alnemri, E. S., Altucci, L., Amelio, I., Andrews, D. W., et al. (2018) · Cell Death & Differentiation · doi:10.1038/s41418-017-0012-4 · Cited by 6,680
Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer
Gandhi, L., Rodríguez-Abreu, D., Gadgeel, S., Esteban, E., Felip, E., De Angelis, F., Domine, M., Clingan, P., Hochmair, M. J., Powell, S. F., et al. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1801005 · Cited by 6,607 · cited 1×
“Pembrolizumab + pemetrexed /platinum First‐line non‐squamous NSCLC May 10, 2017 [50, 296]”
Sipuleucel-T Immunotherapy for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Kantoff, P. W., Higano, C. S., Shore, N. D., Berger, E. R., Small, E. J., Penson, D. F., Redfern, C. H., Ferrari, A. C., Dreicer, R., Sims, R. B., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1001294 · Cited by 5,572
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Shalabi H, Shah NN, Fry TJ, Yates B, Delbrook C, Yuan C, Stetler-Stevenson M, Ramakrishna S. Intensification of lymphodepletion optimizes CAR re-treatment efficacy. Blood. 2017;130(Supplement 1):3889–3889.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions
Yi, M., Zheng, X., Niu, M., Zhu, S., Ge, H., & Wu, K. (2022) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12943-021-01489-2 · Cited by 1,445
Self-citationNeoantigens: promising targets for cancer therapy
Xie, N., Shen, G., Gao, W., Huang, Z., Huang, C., & Fu, L. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-01270-x · Cited by 1,020
Cold and hot tumors: from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapy
Wu, B., Zhang, B., Li, B., Wu, H., & Jiang, M. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01979-x · Cited by 811
Evolving therapeutic landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Yang, C. G., Zhang, H., Zhang, L., Zhu, A. X., Bernards, R., Qin, W., & Wang, C. (2022) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-022-00704-9 · Cited by 747
CAR race to cancer immunotherapy: from CAR T, CAR NK to CAR macrophage therapy
Pan, K., Farrukh, H., Chittepu, V. C. S. R., Xu, H., Pan, C.-X., & Zhu, Z. G. (2022) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13046-022-02327-z · Cited by 685
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhu, S., Zhang, T., Zheng, L., Liu, H., Song, W., Liu, D., Li, Z., & Pan, C.-X.
- Affiliations
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University (CN)
- Duke University (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- New York Medical College (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Zihai
- Pan, Chong-xian
- Venue
- Journal of Hematology & Oncology
- Published
- 2021-09-27
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 156-156
- ISSN
- 1756-8722 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8475356
- OpenAlex
- W3202901824
- Cited by
- 654
- References
- 318
- Citations by year
- 2026: 78 · 2025: 163 · 2024: 206 · 2023: 127 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 12.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Hematology & Oncology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Touro Scholar (Touro College) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Tsinghua University
- National Cancer Institute (P50CA062924)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- cancer immunotherapy, combination therapy, immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive immunotherapy, immunotherapy resistance, cancer vaccines, virotherapy, cytokine-targeted therapy, combination chemotherapy, radiation therapy combination, combination targeted therapy
- MeSH terms
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Animals, Combined Modality Therapy, Humans, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, Cancer Vaccines, Oncolytic Virotherapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

