Cell-cell interactions in the heart: advanced cardiac models and omics technologies
Open accessAbstract
A healthy heart comprises various cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, immune cells, and among others, which work together to maintain optimal cardiac function. These cells engage in complex communication networks, known as cell-cell interactions (CCIs), which are essential for homeostasis, cardiac structure, and efficient function. However, in the context of cardiac diseases, the heart undergoes damage, leading to alterations in the cellular composition. Such pathological conditions trigger significant changes in CCIs, causing cell rearrangement and the transition between cell types. Studying these interactions can provide valuable insights into cardiac biology and disease mechanisms, enabling the development of new therapeutic strategies. While the development of cardiac organoids and advanced 3D co-culture technologies has revolutionized in vitro studies of CCIs, recent advancements in single-cell and spatial multi-omics technologies provide researchers with powerful and convenient tools to investigate CCIs at unprecedented resolution. This article provides a concise overview of CCIs observed in both normal and injured heart, with an emphasis on the cutting-edge methods used to study these interactions. It highlights recent advancements such as 3D co-culture systems, single-cell and spatial omics technologies, that have enhanced the understanding of CCIs. Additionally, it summarizes the practical applications of CCI research in advancing cardiovascular therapies, offering potential solutions for treating heart disease by targeting intercellular communication.
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Cardiac pathophysiology often arises from interactions between CMs, fibroblasts (FBs), endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and other supporting cell types.
“Cardiac pathophysiology often arises from interactions between CMs, fibroblasts (FBs), endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and other supporting cell types (Deb, 2014; Tan et al., 2024).”
From Mini-hearts for disease modeling and drug testing – process optimization versus biological functionality (2026) · cites this paper as Tan et al., 2024
Restricting models to only CMs and FBs may overlook crucial cell interactions in diseases like myocardial infarction.
“However, restricting models to only CMs and FBs may overlook crucial cell interactions in diseases like myocardial infarction (Deb, 2014; Tan et al., 2024).”
From Mini-hearts for disease modeling and drug testing – process optimization versus biological functionality (2026) · cites this paper as Tan et al., 2024
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- Authors
- Tan, S., Yang, J., Hu, S., & Lei, W.
- Affiliations
- Soochow University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Shijun
- Lei, Wei
- ORCID
- Venue
- Stem Cell Research & Therapy
- Published
- 2024-10-12
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 362-362
- ISSN
- 1757-6512 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11470663
- OpenAlex
- W4403353834
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 138
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 1.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Stem Cell Research & Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (HYZHXM01018, 81970223, 2022YFA1104300, 2021YFA1101900, CXZX202210, 82241202, 82170364)
- Government of Jiangsu Province
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20240001, CXZX202210)
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (2017B01012)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Congenital heart defects research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
- Keywords
- cell-cell interactions, cardiac organoids, 3D co-culture, single-cell omics, spatial omics, intercellular communication, cardiac injury, cardiac regeneration, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, immune cells, cardiovascular disease treatment
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Communication, Heart, Humans, Myocardium, Coculture Techniques, Myocytes, Cardiac, Single-Cell Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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