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A systematic review of interventions to increase awareness of mental health and well-being in athletes, coaches and officials
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study was to conduct a systematic review determining the effect of sport-specific mental health awareness programs to improve mental health knowledge and help-seeking among sports coaches, athletes and officials. The second aim was to review the study quality and to report on the validity of measures that were used to determine the effectiveness of programs. METHODS: Sport-specific mental health awareness programs adopting an experimental or quasi-experimental design were included for synthesis. Six electronic databases were searched: PsycINFO, MEDLINE (OVID interface), Scopus, Cochrane, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus. Each database was searched from its year of inception to October 2016. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane and QATSQ tools. RESULTS: Ten studies were included from the 1216 studies retrieved: four comprising coaches or service providers, one with officials, four with athletes, and one involved a combination of coaches and athletes. A range of outcomes was used to assess indices of mental health awareness and well-being. Mental health referral efficacy was improved in six studies, while three reported an increase in knowledge about mental health disorders. However, seven studies did not report effect sizes for their outcomes, limiting clinically meaningful interpretations. Furthermore, there was substantial heterogeneity and limited validity in the outcome measures of mental health knowledge and referral efficacy. Seven studies demonstrated a high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: Further, well-designed controlled intervention studies are required. Researchers, practitioners and policy makers should adhere to available methodological guidance and apply the psychological theory of behaviour change when developing and evaluating complex interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42016040178.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Breslin, G., Shannon, S., Haughey, T., Donnelly, P., & Leavey, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Ulster (GB)
- Sport Ireland (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Shannon, Stephen
- Venue
- Systematic Reviews
- Published
- 2017-08-31
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 177-177
- ISSN
- 2046-4053 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5579872
- OpenAlex
- W2751258775
- Cited by
- 239
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 3.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- The project was funded by Sport Northern Ireland and Ulster University’s PhD Challenge Fund.
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- mental health awareness, mental health promotion, athletes, sports coaches, sports officials, help-seeking, mental health knowledge, mental health referral, well-being, behaviour change interventions, intervention validity, risk of bias
- MeSH terms
- Mentoring, Awareness, Mental Disorders, Humans, Mental Health, Sports, Athletes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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