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Cited by 122Infection Control in HealthcareNosocomial Infections in ICUSurgical site infection prevention

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Healthcare associated infection and its risk factors among patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia: longitudinal study

Open access
Ali, Solomon, Birhane, Melkamu, Bekele, Sisay, Kibru, Gebre, Teshager, Lule, Yilma, Yonas, Ahmed, Yesuf, Fentahun, Netsanet, Assefa, Henok, Gashaw, Mulatu, Gudina, Esayas Kebede·2018·Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control
DOI 10.1186/s13756-017-0298-5PMC PMC5755436
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Abstract

Background: Healthcare associated infection (HAI) is alarmingly increasing in low income settings. In Ethiopia, the burden of HAI is still not well described. Methods: Longitudinal study was conducted from May to September, 2016. All wards of Jimma University Medical Centre were included. The incidence, prevalence and risk factors of healthcare associated infection were determined. A total of 1015 admitted patients were followed throughout their hospital stay. Biological specimens were collected from all patients suspected to have hospital aquired infection. The specimens were processed by standard microbiological methods to isolate and identify bacteria etiology. Clinical and laboratory data were collected using structured case report formats. Results: The incidence rate of hospital acquired infection was 28.15 [95% C.I:24.40,32.30] per 1000 patient days while the overall prevalence was 19.41% (95% C.I: (16.97–21.85). The highest incidence of HAI was seen in intensive care unit [207.55 (95% C.I:133.40,309.1) per 1000 patient days] and the lowest incidence was reported from ophthalmology ward [0.98 (95% C.I: 0.05,4.90) per 1000patient days]. Among patients who underwent surgical procedure, the risk of HAI was found to be high in those with history of previous hospitalization (ARR = 1.65, 95% C.I:1.07, 2.54). On the other hand, young adults (18 to 30-year-old) had lower risk of developing HAI (ARR = 0.54 95% C.I: 0.32,0.93) Likewise, among non-surgical care groups, the risk of HAI was found to be high in patients with chest tube (ARR = 4.14, 95% C.I: 2.30,7.46), on mechanical ventilation (ARR = 1.99, 95% C.I: 1.06,3.74) and with underlying disease (ARR = 2.01, 95% C.I: 1.33,3.04). Furthermore, hospital aquired infection at the hosoital was associated with prolonged hospital stay [6.3 more days, 95% C.I: (5.16,7.48), t = 0.000] and increased in hospital mortality (AOR, 2.23, 95% CI:1.15,4.29). Conclusion: This study revealed high burden and poor discharge outcomes of healthcare associated infection at Jimma University Medical Centre. There is a difference in risk factors between patients with and without surgery. Hence, any effort to control the observed high burden of HAI at the hospital should consider these differences for better positive out put.

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  • In sub-Saharan Africa, high-risk populations for resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are newborns and patients admitted to intensive care units, especially those with underlying comorbidities.

    “In SSA, high-risk populations are newborns and patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), especially those with underlying comorbidities.121,122”

    From Antimicrobial Resistance Rates and Surveillance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Where Are We Now? (2022) · cites this paper as [121]

    The Results and Discussion report a high incidence of healthcare-associated infection in the ICU, and the Conclusion identifies underlying disease as a risk factor among non-surgical patients. The paper also identifies paediatrics as an affected ward, but it does not establish newborns specifically as a high-risk group or show that these risk factors apply to resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae across sub-Saharan Africa. The indexed copy provides section labels but no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Metadata

Authors
Ali, S., Birhane, M., Bekele, S., Kibru, G., Teshager, L., Yilma, Y., Ahmed, Y., Fentahun, N., Assefa, H., Gashaw, M., & Gudina, E. K.
Affiliations
  • Aeras (US)
  • Jimma University (ET)
Corresponding author
Ali, Solomon
ORCID
Venue
Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2018-01-05
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
2-2
ISSN
2047-2994 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s13756-017-0298-5
PMC
PMC5755436
OpenAlex
W2781609784
Cited by
122
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 1
FWCI
7.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Jimma University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infection Control in Healthcare
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Nosocomial Infections in ICU
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Surgical site infection prevention
Keywords
nosocomial infections, risk factors, incidence and prevalence, intensive care unit, surgical patients, chest tube, mechanical ventilation, underlying disease, length of hospital stay, bacterial etiology, Ethiopia, low-income settings, antimicrobial resistance, nosocomial infection prevention, infection control, antimicrobial stewardship
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Bacteria, Cross Infection, Ethiopia, Hospitalization, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, Longitudinal Studies, Microbiological Techniques, Middle Aged, Respiratory Tract Infections, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Surgical Wound Infection, Incidence, Prevalence, Hospital Mortality, Young Adult, Tertiary Care Centers

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