The dual roles of cytokines in Alzheimer’s disease: update on interleukins, TNF-α, TGF-β and IFN-γ
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders in the elderly. Although the mechanisms underlying AD neurodegeneration are not fully understood, it is well recognized that inflammation plays a crucial role in the initiation and/or deterioration of AD neurodegeneration. Increasing evidence suggests that different cytokines, including interleukins, TNF-α, TGF-β and IFN-γ, are actively participated in AD pathogenesis and may serve as diagnostic or therapeutic targets for AD neurodegeneration. Here, we review the progress in understanding the important role that these cytokines or neuroinflammation has played in AD etiology and pathogenesis.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Other inflammatory factors such as IL-3, IL-6, IL-18, TNFα, and MIF are involved in tau phosphorylation and/or truncation.
“Other inflammatory factors such as IL-3, IL-6, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) are also found to be involved in tau phosphorylation and/or truncation [166–170].”
From Tau and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: interplay mechanisms and clinical translation (2023) · cites this paper as [167]
Amyloid-β deposits induce pro-inflammatory activation of microglia.
“Amyloid-β deposits induce pro-inflammatory activation of microglia which might be an effort of microglia to mitigate the antigen-related damage [146].”
From Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Brain Disorders: Focus on Neuroinflammation (2019) · cites this paper as [146]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 173 · Cited by 292
- Authors
- Zheng, C., Zhou, X.-W., & Wang, J.-Z.
- Affiliations
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Jian-Zhi
- Venue
- Translational Neurodegeneration
- Published
- 2016-04-05
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7-7
- ISSN
- 2047-9158 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4822284
- OpenAlex
- W2329735989
- Cited by
- 292
- References
- 173
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Translational Neurodegeneration (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Science Foundation of China (81261120570, 91132305)
- The National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2013DFG32670, 2012BAI10B03)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, cytokines, neuroinflammation, interleukins, TNF-α, TGF-beta, interferon-gamma, neurodegeneration, AD pathogenesis, diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic target
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
