CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 3Phase Change Materials ResearchSmart Materials for ConstructionConcrete Properties and Behavior

The DOI matches its Crossref record; the references it cites are not checked yet.

Development of Thermally Enhanced Cementitious Materials with Microencapsulated PCM for Railway Infrastructure

Open access
Ji, Koochul, Wi, Sanghwon, Jun, Heejung, Suh, Jung-Il, Song, Haemin, Yoon, Jinyoung·2025·International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
DOI 10.1186/s40069-025-00861-6
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

This study presents the development and pilot application of cementitious materials incorporating microencapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal regulation in rubber-tired Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) systems. Unlike previous PCM studies limited to buildings, this work demonstrates their first use in railway infrastructure. Material tests confirmed that PCM incorporation increased water and superplasticizer demand and reduced compressive strength, with up to a 36.7% loss at 30% replacement. Despite this trade-off, DSC and dynamic heat flow tests showed stable phase-change behavior and a significant heat-buffering effect, delaying internal temperature rise from 20 to 40 °C by up to 80 min. A pilot-scale test section of the K-AGT system was prepared, in which PCM-incorporated concrete was cast only at the top surface in contact with the wheels. This preliminary field application, the first of its kind in railway infrastructure, demonstrated the feasibility of the localized use of PCM-enhanced materials for addressing heat accumulation.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/s40069-025-00861-6

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet

References 31 · Cited by 3

Research works printed but not linked: 35

  1. Baetens, R., Jelle, B. P., & Gustavsen, A. (2010). Phase change materials for building applications: A state-of-the-art review. Energy and Buildings, 42(9), 1361–1368. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2010.03.026 · DOI
  2. Bi, L., Long, G., Tang, Z., Guo, M., Zeng, X., & Xie, Y. (2021). The effect of phase change materials on cement hydrate in steam-cured cement-based materials. Construction and Building Materials, 310, 125268. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2021.125268 · DOI
  3. Cui, H., Liao, W., Mi, X., Lo, T. Y., & Chen, D. (2015). Study on functional and mechanical properties of cement mortar with graphite-modified microencapsulated phase-change materials. Energy and Buildings, 105, 273–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2015.07.043 · DOI
  4. Cui, Y., Xie, J., Liu, J., Wang, J., & Chen, S. (2017). A review on phase change material application in building. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 9(6), 168781401770082. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814017700828 · DOI
  5. Cunha, S., Lima, M., & Aguiar, J. B. (2016). Influence of adding phase change materials on the physical and mechanical properties of cement mortars. Construction and Building Materials, 127, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2016.09.119 · DOI
  6. de Torres, A. J., de Aguiar, M. B., dos Santos, W. J., Wang, K., & Garcia, D. C. S. (2024). The influence of sugarcane bagasse ash on the microstructure of autoclaved cementitious material: Comparative study with amorphous and crystalline silica. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 33, 1309–1321. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMRT.2024.09.152 · DOI
  7. Djamai, Z. I., Salvatore, F., Si Larbi, A., Cai, G., & El Mankibi, M. (2019). Multiphysics analysis of effects of encapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) in cement mortars. Cement and Concrete Research, 119, 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEMCONRES.2019.02.002 · DOI
  8. Drissi, S., Ling, T. C., Mo, K. H., & Eddhahak, A. (2019). A review of microencapsulated and composite phase change materials: Alteration of strength and thermal properties of cement-based materials. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 110, 467–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2019.04.072 · DOI
  9. Drissi, S., Mo, K. H., Falchetto, A. C., & Ling, T. C. (2021). Understanding the compressive strength degradation mechanism of cement-paste incorporating phase change material. Cement and Concrete Composites, 124, 104249. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEMCONCOMP.2021.104249 · DOI
  10. Du, Y., Liu, P., Quan, X., & Ma, C. (2020). Characterization and cooling effect of a novel cement-based composite phase change material. Solar Energy, 208, 573–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SOLENER.2020.07.083 · DOI
  11. Feng, G., Huang, K., Xie, H., Li, H., Liu, X., Liu, S., & Cao, C. (2016). DSC test error of phase change material (PCM) and its influence on the simulation of the PCM floor. Renewable Energy, 87, 1148–1153. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RENENE.2015.07.085 · DOI
  12. Günther, E., Hiebler, S., Mehling, H., & Redlich, R. (2009). Enthalpy of phase change materials as a function of temperature: Required accuracy and suitable measurement methods. International Journal of Thermophysics, 30(4), 1257–1269. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10765-009-0641-Z/METRICS · DOI
  13. Han, B., Zhang, L., & Ou, J. (2017). Smart and multifunctional concrete toward sustainable infrastructures. Springer. · DOI
  14. Hasanabadi, S., Sadrameli, S. M., Soheili, H., Moharrami, H., & Heyhat, M. M. (2019). A cost-effective form-stable PCM composite with modified paraffin and expanded perlite for thermal energy storage in concrete. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 136(3), 1201–1216. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10973-018-7731-8/FIGURES/20 · DOI
  15. Islam Laskar, A., & Talukdar, S. (2007). Rheological behavior of high performance concrete with mineral admixtures and their blending. Construction and Building Materials, 22(12), 2345–2354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.10.004 · DOI
  16. Ismail, A., Wang, J., Abiodun Salami, B., Oyedele, L. O., & Otukogbe, G. K. (2023). Microencapsulated phase change materials for enhanced thermal energy storage performance in construction materials: A critical review. Construction and Building Materials, 401, 132877. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2023.132877 · DOI
  17. Jin, X., Xu, X., Zhang, X., & Yin, Y. (2014). Determination of the PCM melting temperature range using DSC. Thermochimica Acta, 595, 17–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TCA.2014.09.004 · DOI
  18. Kang, N.-H., Lee, A., Lee, I.-W., & Kim, C.-H. (2011). Method for Constructing a Railway by using a Guide-way for a Rubber-wheeled automated Transit System. In Proceedings of the KSR Conference.
  19. Lecompte, T., Le Bideau, P., Glouannec, P., Nortershauser, D., & Le Masson, S. (2015). Mechanical and thermo-physical behaviour of concretes and mortars containing phase change material. Energy and Buildings, 94, 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2015.02.044 · DOI
  20. Li, L., Yu, H., Wang, X., & Zheng, S. (2016). Thermal analysis of melting and freezing processes of phase change materials (PCMs) based on dynamic DSC test. Energy and Buildings, 130, 388–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2016.08.058 · DOI
  21. Liu, H., Song, L., Liu, R., & Yu, Z. (2022). Temperature field and thermal effect analysis of CRTS III ballastless track structure under the outdoor natural environment. Construction and Building Materials, 358, 129383. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2022.129383 · DOI
  22. Lu, C., Yang, H., & Mei, G. (2015). Relationship between slump flow and rheological properties of self compacting concrete with silica fume and its permeability. Construction and Building Materials, 75, 157–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2014.08.038 · DOI
  23. Meko, B., Ighalo, J. O., & Ofuyatan, O. M. (2021). Enhancement of self-compactability of fresh self-compacting concrete: A review. Cleaner Materials, 1, 100019. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CLEMA.2021.100019 · DOI
  24. Park, S., Ju, S., Kim, H. K., Seo, Y. S., & Pyo, S. (2022). Effect of the rheological properties of fresh binder on the compressive strength of pervious concrete. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 17, 636–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMRT.2022.01.045 · DOI
  25. Sanfelix, S. G., Santacruz, I., Szczotok, A. M., Belloc, L. M. O., De la Torre, A. G., & Kjøniksen, A. L. (2019). Effect of microencapsulated phase change materials on the flow behavior of cement composites. Construction and Building Materials, 202, 353–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2018.12.215 · DOI
  26. Šavija, B., Zhang, H., & Schlangen, E. (2017). Influence of microencapsulated phase change material (PCM) addition on (micro) mechanical properties of cement paste. Materials, 10(8), 863. https://doi.org/10.3390/MA10080863 · DOI
  27. Song, H., Yoon, S., Oh, J. E., & Suh, J. I. (2024). Thermal performance evaluation of silica dip-coated phase change material beads for thermal energy storage in cement-based composites. Construction and Building Materials, 425, 135907. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2024.135907 · DOI
  28. Su, W., Darkwa, J., & Kokogiannakis, G. (2015). Review of solid–liquid phase change materials and their encapsulation technologies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 48, 373–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2015.04.044 · DOI
  29. Ukrainczyk, N., Kurajica, S., & Šipušić, J. (2010). Thermophysical comparison of five commercial paraffin waxes as latent heat storage materials. Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly, 24(2), 129–137.
  30. Wei, Z., Falzone, G., Wang, B., Thiele, A., Puerta-Falla, G., Pilon, L., et al. (2017). The durability of cementitious composites containing microencapsulated phase change materials. Cement and Concrete Composites, 81, 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEMCONCOMP.2017.04.010 · DOI
  31. Yoon, J., Jafari, K., Tokpatayeva, R., Peethamparan, S., Olek, J., & Rajabipour, F. (2022). Characterization and quantification of the pozzolanic reactivity of natural and non-conventional pozzolans. Cement and Concrete Composites, 133, 104708. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEMCONCOMP.2022.104708 · DOI
  32. Yoon, J., Kim, H., Ju, S., Li, Z., & Pyo, S. (2023). Framework for rapid characterization of fresh properties of cementitious materials using point cloud and machine learning. Construction and Building Materials, 400, 132647. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2023.132647 · DOI
  33. Yoon, J., Kim, H., Shin, S. W., & Sim, S. H. (2020). Rheology-based determination of injectable grout fluidity for preplaced aggregate concrete using ultrasonic tomography. Construction and Building Materials, 260, 120447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120447 · DOI
  34. Zhang, Y., Sang, G., Du, X., Cui, X., Zhang, L., Zhu, Y., & Guo, T. (2021). Development of a novel alkali-activated slag-based composite containing paraffin/ceramsite shape stabilized phase change material for thermal energy storage. Construction and Building Materials, 304, 124594. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2021.124594 · DOI
  35. Zhou, L., Zhang, T., & Luo, Y. (2024). Temperature effects on noise radiated by concrete railway structures. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 270, 109098. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJMECSCI.2024.109098 · DOI

Metadata

Authors
Ji, K., Wi, S., Jun, H., Suh, J.-I., Song, H., & Yoon, J.
Affiliations
  • Korea Railroad Research Institute (KR)
  • Konkuk University (KR)
  • Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology (KR)
Corresponding author
Yoon, Jinyoung
ORCID
Yoon, Jinyoung
Venue
International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2025-12-08
Volume
19
Issue
1
ISSN
  • 1976-0485 (ISSN-L)
  • 2234-1315
DOI
10.1186/s40069-025-00861-6
OpenAlex
W7110013256
Cited by
3
References
31
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1
FWCI
0.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • Korea railroad institute (PK2502A2)
  • National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00459490)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Phase Change Materials Research
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Smart Materials for Construction
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete Properties and Behavior
Keywords
microencapsulated phase change materials, cementitious materials, automated guideway transit, railway infrastructure, temperature regulation, compressive strength, heat accumulation, rubber-tired vehicles

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review