Anticholinesterse and antioxidant investigations of crude extracts, subsequent fractions, saponins and flavonoids of atriplex laciniata L.: potential effectiveness in Alzheimer’s and other neurological disorders
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BACKGROUND: Atriplex laciniata L. was investigated for phenolic, flavonoid contents, antioxidant, anticholinesterase activities, in an attempt to explore its effectiveness in Alzheimer's and other neurological disorders. Plant crude methanolic extract (Al.MeF), subsequent fractions; n-hexane (Al.HxF), chloroform (Al.CfF), ethyl acetate (Al.EaF), aqueous (Al.WtF), Saponins (Al.SPF) and Flavonoids (Al.FLVF) were investigated for DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 free radical scavenging activities. Further these extracts were subjected to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) & butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities using Ellman's assay. Phenolic and Flavonoid contents were determined and expressed in mg Gallic acid GAE/g and Rutin RTE/g of samples respectively. RESULTS: In DPPH free radicals scavenging assay, Al.FLVF, Al.SPF and Al.MeF showed highest activity causing 89.41 ± 0.55, 83.37 ± 0.34 and 83.37 ± 0.34% inhibition of free radicals respectively at 1 mg/mL concentration. IC50 for these fractions were 33, 83 and 82 μg/mL respectively. Similarly, plant extracts showed high ABTS scavenging potential, i.e. Al.FLVF (90.34 ± 0.55), Al.CfF (83.42 ± 0.57), Al.MeF (81.49 ± 0.60) with IC50 of 30, 190 and 70 μg/ml respectively. further, H2O2 percent scavenging was highly appraised in Al.FLVF (91.29 ± 0.53, IC50 75), Al.SPF (85.35 ± 0.61, IC50 70) and Al.EaF (83.48 ± 0.67, IC50 270 μg/mL). All fractions exhibited concentration dependent AChE inhibitory activity as; Al.FLVF, 88.31 ± 0.57 (IC50 70 μg/mL), Al.SPF, 84.36 ± 0.64 (IC50 90 μg/mL), Al.MeF, 78.65 ± 0.70 (IC50 280 μg/mL), Al.EaF, 77.45 ± 0.46 (IC50 270 μg/mL) and Al.WtF 72.44 ± 0.58 (IC50 263 μg/mL) at 1 mg/mL. Likewise the percent BChE inhibitory activity was most obvious in Al.FLVF 85.46 ± 0.62 (IC50 100 μg/mL), Al.CfF 83.49 ± 0.46 (IC50 160 μg/mL), Al.MeF 82.68 ± 0.60 (IC50 220 μg/mL) and Al.SPF 80.37 ± 0.54 (IC50 120 μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS: These results stipulate that A. laciniata is enriched with phenolic and flavonoid contents that possess significant antioxidant and anticholinestrase effects. This provide pharmacological basis for the presence of compounds that may be effective in Alzheimer's and other neurological disorders.
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Phenolic and flavonoid contents, catechins, coumarin, resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, ginkgolide, glycyrrhizin, monoterpenoid, and S-allylcysteine isolated from various medicinal plants have been identified to have the potency to prevent Alzheimer's disease.
“Phenolic and flavonoid contents [91], catechins [92], coumarin [93], resveratrol [94], quercetin [95]; curcumin [96], ginkgolide [97], glycyrrhizin [98], monoterpenoid [99], and S-allylcysteine [100] which isolated from various medicinal plants have been identified to have the potency to prevent AD.”
From Multi-Target Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Protein Aggregation (2022) · cites this paper as [91]
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References 52 · Cited by 86
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- [10]Voet D Voet JG Serine proteases Biochemistry 1995 2 USA John Wiley and Sons 390
- Authors
- Kamal, Z., Ullah, F., Ayaz, M., Sadiq, A., Ahmad, S., Zeb, A., Hussain, A., & Imran, M.
- Affiliations
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal (PK)
- University of Malakand (PK)
- Corresponding author
- Kamal, Zul
- Ullah, Farhat
- Ayaz, Muhammad
- Sadiq, Abdul
- Ahmad, Sajjad
- Zeb, Anwar
- Hussain, Abid
- Imran, Muhammad
- Venue
- Biological Research
- Published
- 2015-04-01
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21-21
- ISSN
- 0716-9760 (ISSN-L)
- 0717-6287
- PMC
- PMC4393635
- OpenAlex
- W2166576096
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 17.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biological Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- University of Malakand
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Keywords
- Atriplex laciniata, anticholinesterase activity, antioxidant activity, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, butyrylcholinesterase inhibition, free radical scavenging, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic content, Alzheimer's disease, neurological disorders, plant extracts, phytochemical screening, medicinal plants, DPPH, ABTS, hydrogen peroxide
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholinesterase, Alzheimer Disease, Antioxidants, Butyrylcholinesterase, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Flavonoids, Medicine, Traditional, Phenols, Plant Extracts, Saponins, Spectrophotometry, Sulfonic Acids, Free Radical Scavengers, Oxidative Stress, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Atriplex, Benzothiazoles
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