CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 942Stroke Rehabilitation and RecoveryAcute Ischemic Stroke ManagementMedical Practices and Rehabilitation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 222 of the 223 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The impact of physical therapy on functional outcomes after stroke: what's the evidence?

Open access
Van Peppen, R PS, Kwakkel, G, Wood-Dauphinee, S, Hendriks, H JM, Van der Wees, Ph J, Dekker, J·2004·Clinical Rehabilitation
DOI 10.1191/0269215504cr843oa
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective: To determine the evidence for physical therapy interventions aimed at improving functional outcome after stroke. Methods: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, DARE, PEDro, EMBASE and DocOnline were searched for controlled studies. Physical therapy was divided into 10 intervention categories, which were analysed separately. If statistical pooling (weighted summary effect sizes) was not possible due to lack of comparability between interventions, patient characteristics and measures of outcome, a bestresearch synthesis was performed. This best-research synthesis was based on methodological quality (PEDro score). Results: In total, 151 studies were included in this systematic review; 123 were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 28 controlled clinical trials (CCTs). Methodological quality of all RCTs had a median of 5 points on the 10-point PEDro scale (range 2–8 points). Based on high-quality RCTs strong evidence was found in favour of task-oriented exercise training to restore balance and gait, and for strengthening the lower paretic limb. Summary effect sizes (SES) for functional outcomes ranged from 0.13 (95% CI 0.03–0.23) for effects of high intensity of exercise training to 0.92 (95% CI 0.54–1.29) for improving symmetry when moving from sitting to standing. Strong evidence was also found for therapies that were focused on functional training of the upper limb such as constraint-induced movement therapy (SES 0.46; 95% CI 0.07–0.91), treadmill training with or without body weight support, respectively 0.70 (95% CI 0.29–1.10) and 1.09 (95% CI 0.56–1.61), aerobics (SES 0.39; 95% CI 0.05–0.74), external auditory rhythms during gait (SES 0.91; 95% CI 0.40–1.42) and neuromuscular stimulation for glenohumeral subluxation (SES 1.41; 95% CI 0.76–2.06). No or insufficient evidence in terms of functional outcome was found for: traditional neurological treatment approaches; exercises for the upper limb; biofeedback; functional and neuromuscular electrical stimulation aimed at improving dexterity or gait performance; orthotics and assistive devices; and physical therapy interventions for reducing hemiplegic shoulder pain and hand oedema. Conclusions: This review showed small to large effect sizes for task-oriented exercise training, in particular when applied intensively and early after stroke onset. In almost all high-quality RCTs, effects were mainly restricted to tasks directly trained in the exercise programme.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1191/0269215504cr843oa

Cites

222 of 222 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Citations

Cites

Show all 223 references

Research works printed but not linked: 56

  1. Stroke Unit Trialists Collaboration, 2002, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1
  2. Parker-Taillon D, 2002, Physiother Can, 24, 12
  3. WHO, 2002, ICF-introduction, the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health
  4. American Physical Therapy Association, 2001, Phys Ther, 81, 9
  5. Kwakkel G, 1997, A research synthesis. Stroke, 28, 1550
  6. van Tulder MW, 1999, A systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group. Spine, 24, 1113
  7. De Weerdt W, 1986, Physiotherapy, 72, 108
  8. Wagenaar RC, 1991, J Rehabil Sci, 4, 13
  9. Wagenaar RC, 1991, J Rehabil Sci, 4, 97
  10. Wagenaar RC, 1991, J Rehabil Sci, 4, 61
  11. Engardt M, 1994, A follow-up study. Scand J Rehabil Med, 26, 65
  12. Faghri PD, 1997, Clin Kinesiol J Am Kinesiother Assoc, 51, 9
  13. Kwakkel G, 2002, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 72, 473
  14. Basmajian JV, 1987, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 68, 267
  15. Logigian MK, 1983, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 64, 364
  16. Stern PH, 1970, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 51, 526
  17. Gelber DA, 1995, J Neuro Rehab, 9, 191
  18. Dickstein R, 1986, Three exercise therapy approaches. Phys Ther, 66, 1233
  19. Lindsley HG, 1994, Neurol Rep, 19, 29
  20. Carey JR, 1990, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 71, 888
  21. Dickstein R, 1983, Physiother Can, 35, 141
  22. Kelly JO, Research Conference-From Cell to Society
  23. Dean CM, 1997, A randomized controlled trial. Stroke, 28, 722
  24. Shumway-Cook A, 1988, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 69, 395
  25. Wong AM, 1997, J Rehabil Res Dev, 34, 322
  26. Grant T, 1997, Can J Rehabil, 11, 69
  27. Lin JJ, 1998, Chin J Med Biolo Eng, 18, 59
  28. Winstein CJ, 1989, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 70, 755
  29. Scheidtmann K, 1999, Neurol Rehabil, 5, 198
  30. Laufer Y, 2001, J Rehabil Res Dev, 38, 69
  31. Mandel AR, 1990, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 71, 649
  32. Barrett JA, 2001, Collaborative Stroke Audit and Research. Clin Rehabil, 15, 32
  33. Page SJ, 2001, J Rehabil Res Dev, 38, 583
  34. Taub E, 1993, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 74, 347
  35. Luft AR, 2002, Stroke, 33, 416
  36. Basmajian JV, 1975, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 56, 231
  37. Cozean CD, 1988, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 69, 401
  38. Hurd WW, 1980, Am J Phys Med, 59, 73
  39. Mulder T, 1986, Am J Phys Med, 65, 173
  40. Morris ME, 1992, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 73, 1147
  41. Burnside IG, 1982, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 63, 217
  42. Wolf SL, 1983, Changes in lower extremity neuromuscular and functional status. Phys Ther, 63, 1404
  43. Basmajian JV, 1982, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 63, 613
  44. Bate PJ, 1992, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 73, 1050
  45. Inglis J, 1984, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 65, 755
  46. Williams JM, 1982, Physiother Can, 34, 327
  47. Lee KH, 1976, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 57, 588
  48. Prevo AJ, 1982, Scand J Rehabil Med, 14, 121
  49. Wolf SL, 1983, Changes in upper extremity neuromuscular and functional status. Phys Ther, 63, 1393
  50. Skelly AM, 1982, Physiotherapy, 68, 34
  51. Merletti R, 1978, Scand J Rehabil Med, 10, 147
  52. Bowman BR, 1979, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 60, 497
  53. Kraft GH, 1992, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 73, 220
  54. Hurd MM, 1974, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 55, 519
  55. Parker CJ, 2001, Trial of Occupational Therapy and Leisure. Clin Rehabil, 15, 42
  56. Wagenaar RC, 1990, Scand J Rehabil Med, 22, 1

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 941

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Van Peppen, R. P., Kwakkel, G., Wood-Dauphinee, S., Hendriks, H. J., Van der Wees, P. J., & Dekker, J.
Affiliations
  • Department of Physical Therapy, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
  • School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
  • Maastricht University (NL)
  • Royal Dutch Society for Physical Therapy (KNGF), Amersfoort, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Rehabilitation
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2004-12
Volume
18
Issue
8
Pages
833-862
ISSN
  • 0269-2155 (ISSN-L)
  • 1477-0873
DOI
10.1191/0269215504cr843oa
OpenAlex
W2095683367
Cited by
942
References
223
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 56
FWCI
5.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Clinical Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
Keywords
physiotherapy, stroke rehabilitation, functional outcome, task-oriented training, constraint-induced movement therapy, treadmill training, body weight support, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, glenohumeral subluxation, methodological quality of trials
MeSH terms
Stroke Rehabilitation, Biofeedback, Psychology, Edema, Hand, Humans, Orthotic Devices, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness, Muscle, Skeletal, Shoulder Pain, Recovery of Function, Stroke, Physical Therapy Modalities

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review