Management of diabetes during the last days of life: attitudes of consultant diabetologists and consultant palliative care physicians in the UK
Abstract
Diabetes is an increasingly common condition and hence, managing dying patients with diabetes as a co-morbidity will become a frequent challenge. It is uncertain whether there is net beneficence in preventing hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients during the terminal phase or whether the distress involved in administering therapy and blood glucose monitoring may outweigh this ordeal. Since there is no available evidence upon which to base clinical decisions, a semi-structured questionnaire based around three clinical vignettes was sent to consultants in diabetes and palliative care in the UK. There was consensus of opinion from both groups of consultants that treatment and monitoring should be stopped in patients with type 2 diabetes, once in the terminal phase. There was less consensus regarding management of type 1 diabetes. Practical issues were raised by both groups of consultants and clinical guidelines are suggested.
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An individual has the right to refuse testing and treatment, whereas health care professionals may consider withdrawing treatment and limiting diagnostic testing, including a reduction in the frequency of blood glucose monitoring.
“An individual has the right to refuse testing and treatment, whereas health care professionals may consider withdrawing treatment and limiting diagnostic testing, including a reduction in the frequency of blood glucose monitoring (175,176).”
From 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [175]
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13. Older Adults: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022</i>
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-s013 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Ekhlaspour, L., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s013 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
13. Older Adults: <i>Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024</i>
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Bannuru, R. R., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Ekhlaspour, L., Hilliard, M. E., Johnson, E. L., Khunti, K., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-s013 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes*, Bajaj, M., McCoy, R. G., Balapattabi, K., Bannuru, R. R., Bellini, N. J., Bennett, A. K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., ChallaSivaKanaka, S., et al. (2026) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-s013 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ford-Dunn, S., Smith, A., & Quin, J.
- Affiliations
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals,
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust (GB)
- ORCID
- Smith, A
- Venue
- Palliative Medicine
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-04
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 197-203
- ISSN
- 0269-2163 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-030X
- OpenAlex
- W2110194238
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Palliative Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative and Oncologic Care
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, end-of-life care, terminal phase, blood glucose monitoring, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, consultant attitudes, palliative care, diabetes management, clinical guidelines
- MeSH terms
- Attitude of Health Personnel, Attitude to Health, Consultants, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia, Medical Staff, Hospital, Palliative Care, Patient Participation, Prognosis, Terminal Care, Terminally Ill, Disease Management, Health Care Surveys, Withholding Treatment
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