Causes of death in schizophrenia and manic-depression
Abstract
Causes of death were studied in a cohort of 200 schizophrenic, 100 manic, and 225 depressive patients who were followed in a historical prospective study. These patients were admitted between 1934 and 1944 and were studied 30 to 40 years later. Five cause of death categories were considered in this analysis: (1) unnatural deaths, (2) neoplasms, (3) diseases of the circulatory system, (4) infective and parasitic diseases, and (5) other causes. For each cause of death, the expected number of deaths was calculated from vital statistics for the State of Iowa for the time period of follow-up. Observed numbers of deaths were contrasted with expected numbers of deaths to assess statistical significance for each diagnostic group. There was a significant excess of unnatural deaths in all diagnostic groups in both sexes, with the exception of female manics. This group, however, did show a significant excess of circulatory system deaths. Both male and female schizophrenics showed a substantial excess of infective disorder deaths.
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Cardiovascular illness may be the greatest driver of excess mortality in bipolar disorder, perhaps more so for females.
“Thus, cardiovascular illness may be the greatest driver of excess mortality in BD (56, 57), perhaps more so for females (58).”
From The detrimental effects of smoking on the course and outcome in adults with bipolar disorder—A narrative review (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
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References 8 · Cited by 135
- Authors
- Tsuang, M. T., Woolson, R. F., & Fleming, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tsuang, Ming T.
- ORCID
- Tsuang, Ming T.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 1980-03
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 239-242
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2084082639
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 2.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical Psychiatry and Medical Practices
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, mortality, causes of death, unnatural death, neoplasms, circulatory diseases, infectious diseases, long-term follow-up, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Bipolar Disorder, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Infections, Male, Neoplasms, Prospective Studies, Schizophrenia, Time Factors
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