Expressed Emotion and Schizophrenia in Italy: A Study of an Urban Population
Abstract
Forty-two schizophrenic patients and their close relatives took part in an Italian replication study of expressed emotion (EE). The patients were selected from the psychiatric ward of a general hospital in Milan and were subsequently followed up for nine months. All patients attended a community service clinic as out-patients, and all but one were prescribed neuroleptics for the duration of the study. Relatives were assigned to the high-EE group if they scored 4 or 5 on the emotional overinvolvement (EOI) scale, or showed hostility, or made six or more critical comments. On this basis, 18 (42%) families were rated as low EE and 24 (57%) as high EE. At follow-up, the admission rate for the 9-month period was significantly higher for the high-EE group (P<0.05). Furthermore, significantly fewer patients were readmitted from families showing high warmth (P<0.05). The presence of high warmth appeared to be associated with a lower admission rate, even in high-EE families.
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Carer warmth can protect against relapse, particularly in some Black and minority ethnic groups.
“Further, carer warmth can serve as a protective factor against relapse, 2,38,39 particularly in some Black and minority ethnic groups.40,41”
From Cognitive model of caregiving in psychosis (2010) · cites this paper as [38]
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Influence of Family Life on the Course of Schizophrenic Disorders: A Replication
Brown, G. W., Birley, J. L. T., & Wing, J. K. (1972) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.121.3.241 · Cited by 1,770 · see citing works
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Expressed Emotion and Psychiatric Relapse: A Meta-analysis
Butzlaff, R. L., & Hooley, J. M. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.6.547 · Cited by 1,310 · see citing works
Cognitive model of caregiving in psychosis
Kuipers, E., Onwumere, J., & Bebbington, P. (2010) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.070466 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Ethnicity, expressed emotion, attributions, and course of schizophrenia: family warmth matters
López, S. R., Nelson Hipke, K., Polo, A. J., Jenkins, J. H., Karno, M., Vaughn, C., & Snyder, K. S. (2004) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.113.3.428 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Delivering cognitive-behavioural family interventions for schizophrenia
Onwumere, J., Grice, S., & Kuipers, E. (2016) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12179 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bertrando, P., Beltz, J., Bressi, C., Clerici, M., Farma, T., Invernizzi, G., & Cazzullo, C. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Milan (IT)
- Agricultural Research Service (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bertrando, P.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 1992-08
- Volume
- 161
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 223-229
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2103881850
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 6.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Counseling, Therapy, and Family Dynamics
- Keywords
- expressed emotion, schizophrenia, family warmth, family hostility, hospital readmission, replication study, antipsychotic drugs, family caregiving
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cultural Characteristics, Emotions, Family, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hostility, Humans, Italy, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Recurrence, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Social Environment, Antipsychotic Agents, Urban Population, Caregivers
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