Course of illness in depressive and bipolar disorders: Naturalistic study, 1994–1999
Open accessAbstract
Background: Newer antidepressants have increasingly been used during the past decade. These drugs may increase compliance and reduce the risk of cycle acceleration in affective disorders. Aims: To investigate the naturalistic longitudinal course of illness in patients with depressive or bipolar disorder following the use of recently introduced drugs. Method: The rates of relapse leading to hospitalisation after successive episodes were calculated in a case register study including all hospital admissions of patients with primary affective disorder in Denmark during 1994–1999. Altogether, 9417 patients had a diagnosis of depressive disorder and 1106 patients had a diagnosis of mania or bipolar disorder, at first-ever discharge. Results: The rate of relapse leading to hospitalisation increased with the number of previous episodes in both depressive and bipolar disorders. However, the effect of episodes was not significant for men. The rate of relapse did not decline during the study period. Conclusions: The course of severe depressive and bipolar disorders has remained roughly the same despite introduction of new treatments.
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The provision of effective interventions at the early stage of depression is important in order to reduce the likelihood of recurrent episodes, which occur more frequently as the illness progresses.
“The provision of effective interventions at the early stage of depression is important in order to reduce the likelihood of recurrent episodes, which have been demonstrated to occur more frequently as the illness progresses (Kessing 2004).”
From Interventions for preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents (2012) · cites this paper as Kessing 2004
The Interpretation of results (page not supplied) says relapse risk increases with successive episodes and calls for research into early intervention. It does not establish that providing effective interventions early reduces recurrence; its findings concern patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital and readmission rather than relapse generally. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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References 21 · Cited by 191
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- Authors
- Kessing, L. V., Hansen, M. G., & Andersen, P. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Kessing, Lars Vedel
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 185
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 372-377
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2156421606
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Lundbeckfonden
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, mania, relapse, hospitalization, clinical course, antidepressants, episode recurrence, gender differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Bipolar Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Compliance, Risk Factors, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Age of Onset, Secondary Prevention
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