The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mental health, burnout and job satisfaction among mental health social workers in England and Wales
Open accessAbstract
Background: Previous research suggests that social workers experience high levels of stress and burnout but most remain committed to their work. Aims: To examine the prevalence of stress and burnout, and job satisfaction among mental health social workers (MHSWs) and the factors responsible for this. Method: A postal survey incorporating the General Health Questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Karasek Job Content Questionnaire and a job satisfaction measure was sent to 610 MHSWs in England and Wales. Results: Eligible respondents ( n =237) reported high levels of stress and emotional exhaustion and low levels of job satisfaction; 111 (47%) showed significant symptomatology and distress, which is twice the level reported by similar surveys of psychiatrists. Feeling undervalued at work, excessive job demands, limited latitude in decision-making, and unhappiness about the place of MHSWs in modern services contributed to the poor job satisfaction and most aspects of burnout. Those who had approved social worker status had greater dissatisfaction. Conclusions: Stress may exacerbate recruitment and retention problems. Employers must recognise the demands placed upon MHSWs and value their contribution to mental health services.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Evans et al. (2006) (n = 237) found that mental health social workers in England and Wales experience higher rates of emotional exhaustion than consultant psychiatrists, and rates of emotional exhaustion that are three times higher other mental health practitioners.”
From Testing Mindfulness Mechanisms of Action on the Stress and Burnout of Social Workers (2024) · cites this paper as Evans et al., 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Social work professionals experience high levels of stress and burnout.”
From Examining Potential Psychological Protective and Risk Factors for Stress and Burnout in Social Workers. (2025) · cites this paper as Evans et al., 2006
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Although social work is a very rewarding profession, from which practitioners often attain very high rates of personal accomplishment (McFadden, 2015), it is also a very challenging profession which can lead to social workers experiencing concerningly high rates of stress and burnout (Evans et al., 2006; Ravalier et al., 2021).”
From Testing Mindfulness Mechanisms of Action on the Stress and Burnout of Social Workers (2024) · cites this paper as Evans et al., 2006
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,882
Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign
Karasek, R. A. (1979) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392498 · Cited by 12,597
Social Indicators of Well-Being
Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2253-5 · Cited by 4,920
Social Indicators of Well-Being: Americans' Perceptions of Life Quality
Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,409
Social work, stress and burnout: A review
Lloyd, C., King, R. J., & Chenoweth, L. (2002) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638230020023642 · Cited by 788
The use of the General Health Questionnaire as an indicator of mental health in occupational studies
Banks, M. H., Clegg, C., Jackson, P. R., Kemp, N. J., Stafford, E. M., & Wall, T. D. (1980) · Journal of Occupational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1980.tb00024.x · Cited by 690
General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12)
(2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_301870 · Cited by 473
Banks, M. H., & Jackson, P. R. (1982) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700049096 · Cited by 315
Mental Health, ‘Burnout’ and Job Satisfaction among Hospital and Community-Based Mental Health Staff
Prosser, D., Johnson, S., Kuipers, E., SZMUKLER, G. I., Bebbington, P., & Thornicroft, G. (1996) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.169.3.334 · Cited by 193
Job Satisfaction, Burnout, and Turnover in Health Care Social Workers
Siefert, K., Jayaratne, S., & Chess, W. A. (1991) · Health & Social Work · doi:10.1093/hsw/16.3.193 · Cited by 183
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Maslach, 1986, Manual of the Maslach Burnout Inventory
- 1995, Health Survey for England, 1994 – 5
- 2004, Inspection of Social Work in Mental Health Services
- 2002, Comprehensive Performance Assessment. Local Authority National Report
- 2002, Local Government Recruitment and Retention Survey
- Pajak, 2003, Workload and Working Patterns in Consultant Psychiatrists. An Investigation into Occupational Pressures and Burdens. Project Report – June 2003
- Eborall, 2001, Desk Research on Recruitment and Retention in Social Care and Social Work
- Goldberg, 1992, Common Mental Disorder: A Bio-Social Model
Cited by
Sorted by citations
O’Connor, K., Muller Neff, D., & Pitman, S. (2018) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.06.003 · Cited by 555
“MBI- HSS 22.3 (4.7) 6.0 (5.3) 31.5 (5.4) High EE: 36% High DP: 12% Low PA: 10% 6 [33] Evans et al. 2006 UK CS Mental Health Social Workers in UK 39% N = 237 Male: 39% Female: 61% 58% of sample were < 50 years old Mean length of time since graduation was 11.9 years.”
BackgroundInfluentialBurnout and Physical Health among Social Workers: A Three-Year Longitudinal Study
Kim, H., Ji, J., & Kao, D. (2011) · Social Work · doi:10.1093/sw/56.3.258 · Cited by 229
Travis, D. J., Lizano, E. L., & Barak, M. E. M. (2015) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bct205 · Cited by 306
“Stress and burnout have attracted the attention of scholars and practitioners because of potential hazards posed to social workers’ well-being and effectiveness (e.g. job satisfaction: Evans et al., 2006; organisational commitment: Lambert et al., 2006; turnover: Acker, 2012; Kim and Stoner, 2008).”
BackgroundMethodBrinkborg, H., Michanek, J., Hesser, H., & Berglund, G. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.03.009 · Cited by 235
“Secondary outcome variables in our trial were burnout, performance-based self-esteem, and job demand and control, as these outcomes are of importance from a work-related perspective, in particular the work of social workers (Evans et al., 2006).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBurnout in the Mental Health Workforce: A Review
Paris, M., & Hoge, M. A. (2009) · The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1007/s11414-009-9202-2 · Cited by 227
Lasalvia, A., Bonetto, C., Bertani, M., Bissoli, S., Cristofalo, D., Marrella, G., Ceccato, E., Cremonese, C., De Rossi, M., Lazzarotto, L., et al. (2009) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060871 · Cited by 187
“8,10,14,36,37 The present study’s strengths lie in its: representativeness; sample size (approximately 2000 participants), the largest ever surveyed in research on burnout in mental health; and response rate (nearly 80%), one of the highest ever reported in the literature.”
International Encyclopedia of Rehabilitation
Tower, K. (2010) · Cited by 173
Organisational change and employee burnout: The moderating effects of support and job control
Day, A., Crown, S. N., & Ivany, M. (2017) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2017.03.004 · Cited by 184
Goodwin, L., Ben-Zion, I., Fear, N. T., Hotopf, M. H., Stansfeld, S. A., & Wessely, S. C. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078693 · Cited by 140
“There were 39 studies [2,5,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21, 22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48] which used the same version of the questionnaire and cut-off, yet heterogeneity between these studies was still high overall (I(2) = 97.”
Beidas, R. S., Marcus, S. C., Wolk, C. B., Powell, B. J., Aarons, G. A., Evans, A. C., Hurford, M. O., Hadley, T. R., Adams, D. R., Walsh, L., et al. (2015) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-015-0673-6 · Cited by 141
“Individual-level predictors of turnover, including employee burnout, high among public mental health workers (e.g., Evans et al. 2006; Jenkins and Elliott 2004), consistently have been associated with high turnover in a number of industries (e.g.,Choi et al. 2012; Firth andBritton 1989; Leiter…”
Pariona‐Cabrera, P. D., Cavanagh, J. M., & Bartram, T. (2020) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.14352 · Cited by 151
Burnout among mental health care providers
Acker, G. (2012) · Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1177/1468017310392418 · Cited by 133
Relation Between Burnout Syndrome and Job Satisfaction Among Mental Health Workers
Ogresta, J., Rusac, S., & Zorec, L. (2008) · Croatian Medical Journal · doi:10.3325/cmj.2008.3.364 · Cited by 128
Voices from the Front Line: Social Work with Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Australia and the UK
Robinson, K. (2013) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bct040 · Cited by 123
Further examination of predictors of turnover intention among mental health professionals
Yanchus, N. J., Periard, D. A., & Osatuke, K. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.12354 · Cited by 124
Clergy Burnout: A Comparison Study with Other Helping Professions
Adams, C. J., Hough, H. J., Proeschold‐Bell, R. J., Yao, J., & Kolkin, M. A. (2016) · Pastoral Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11089-016-0722-4 · Cited by 141
“MBI in GB, Mental health SW (Evans et al. 2006) Evans et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialRelationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employees Mental Health
Nadinloyi, K. B., Sadeghi, H., & Hajloo, N. (2013) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.554 · Cited by 110
Burnout, Informal Social Support and Psychological Distress among Social Workers
Sánchez-Moreno, E., Roldán, I. N. D. L. F., Gallardo-Peralta, L. P., & de Roda, A. B. L. (2014) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcu084 · Cited by 108
“This is consistent with numerous studies showing that, for social workers, emotional exhaustion is the most prevalent dimension (Bradley and Sutherland, 1995; Evans et al., 2006; Acker, 2008).”
ResultInfluentialSocial work and macro-economic neoliberalism: beyond the social justice rhetoric
Spolander, G., Engelbrecht, L. K., & Sansfaçon, A. P. (2015) · European Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1080/13691457.2015.1066761 · Cited by 106
“…(Asquith & Clark, 2005), recruitment and retention of qualified staff (Spolander, Martin, Cleaver, & Daly, 2010), work pressure and burnout (Evans et al., 2006; Lloyd, King, & Chenoweth, 2002), pressure to develop more personalised services (Needham, 2011), and job satisfaction (Lymbery,…”
BackgroundThe Relationships between Stress, Burnout, Mental Health and Well-Being in Social Workers
Maddock, A. (2023) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcad232 · Cited by 106
The Expected Working Life of a Social Worker
Curtis, L., Moriarty, J., & Netten, A. (2009) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcp039 · Cited by 99
Predictors of Burnout Among Military Mental Health Providers
Ballenger-Browning, K., Schmitz, K. J., Rothacker, J. A., Hammer, P. S., Webb-Murphy, J. A., & Johnson, D. C. (2011) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-10-00269 · Cited by 98
Shier, M. L., & Graham, J. R. (2010) · Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1177/1468017310380486 · Cited by 98
“…employee burnout (Kim & Stoner, 2008; Sowers-Hoag & Thyer, 1987), high stress (Coffey, Dugdill, & Tattersall, 2009; Coyle, Edwards, Hannigan, Fothergill, & Burnard, 2005; Donovan, 1987), low pay (Carniol, 2003), and higher rates of turnover (Evans et al., 2006; Service Canada, 2008; Siebert, 2005).”
Effects of Person-Centered Care Approaches to Dementia Care on Staff
Barbosa, A., de Sousa, L. X. M., Nolan, M., & de Figueiredo, D. M. P. (2014) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/1533317513520213 · Cited by 112
“Stress, burnout, and job dissatisfaction among DCWs have been recognized in a number of studies as the most important threats to the care provision as well as to the well-being of the worker and the resident.(5,21,22) The aim of the present systematic review was therefore to assess the impact of PCC approaches on stre…”
BackgroundFukui, S., Wu, W., & Salyers, M. P. (2019) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-019-00927-0 · Cited by 95
Saijo, Y., Ueno, T., & Hashimoto, Y. (2008) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.20571 · Cited by 92
“It has been reported that job demand is significantly associatedwith depressive symptoms [Stansfeld et al., 1997; Sakai et al., 2005; Sanne et al., 2005] and job dissatisfaction [de Croon et al., 2002; Evans et al., 2006].”
BackgroundGraham, J. R., & Shier, M. (2009) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcp049 · Cited by 84
The Impact of Behaviors upon Burnout Among Parish-Based Clergy
Doolittle, B. R. (2008) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-008-9217-7 · Cited by 78
“…Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208030, New Haven, CT 06520-8030, USA e-mail: benjamin.doolittle@yale.edu and Anstey 1991), nurses (Catalan et al. 1996), teachers (Friedman 2000; Burke and Greenglass 1993), and social workers (Kadushin and Kulys 1995; Oktay 1992; Evans et al. 2006).”
BackgroundHussein, S. (2018) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-018-0872-z · Cited by 73
Burnout in social workers and socio-demographic factors
García, R. G., Sangregorio, M. A., & Sánchez, M. L. L. (2019) · Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1177/1468017319837886 · Cited by 71
Revisiting job satisfaction and burnout in community mental health teams
Onyett, S. (2011) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2011.556170 · Cited by 68
“Evans et al. (2006) also found particularly high levels of stress and emotional exhaustion and low levels of job satisfaction among social workers in mental health.”
BackgroundShiri, R., Nikunlaakso, R., & Laitinen, J. H. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11121792 · Cited by 106
“High levels of stress and workload can negatively affect the health and well-being of health and social service workers, so they are at increased risk of burnout [6–8], stress [3,8], insomnia [3], anxiety [3], depression [3], impaired work ability [9], and occupational injuries [10,11].”
BackgroundWorking conditions and wellbeing in UK social workers
Ravalier, J. M., Wainwright, E. M., Clabburn, O., Loon, M. K. C., & Smyth, N. (2020) · Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1177/1468017320949361 · Cited by 65
“…being highly engaged in their work (Ravalier, 2018), social workers are at high risk of developing stress-related outcomes such as burnout and associated 1107Ravalier et al. outcomes (for example, in China (Tang et al., 2017) and the UK (Evans et al., 2006; McFadden, Manthorpe, & Mallett, 2017)).”
BackgroundPrevalence of dietitian burnout
Gingras, J. R., Jonge, L. ‐. D., & Purdy, N. (2010) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-277x.2010.01062.x · Cited by 65
“The phenomenon is especially common among those working in the helping professions in positions of an interpersonal nature (Cordes & Dougherty, 1993; Robinson, 2003; Cohen & Gagin, 2005; Siebert, 2006; Evans et al., 2006; Laschinger & Leiter, 2006; Ben-Zur & Michael, 2007).”
BackgroundPsychotherapy and mental health teams
Kerr, I. B., Dent‐Brown, K., & Parry, G. D. (2007) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260601109380 · Cited by 63
“The importance of a coherent and robust model cannot be overestimated in enabling effective team function by promoting a ‘common language’ and purpose, and in avoiding team difficulties classically manifest as splitting, stress and, ultimately, ‘burn out’ (Evans et al., 2006; Gabbard, 1989; Hinshelwood, 1999; Main, 19…”
BackgroundWang, Y., Zhang, H., Lei, J., & Yu, Y. (2018) · International Journal of Social Welfare · doi:10.1111/ijsw.12339 · Cited by 60
“This assumption has been proven in a range of studies conducted in various countries (Abu-Bader, 2000; Evans et al., 2006; Kim & Stoner, 2008; Kim et al., 2011; Lloyd et al., 2002), which suggests that burnout may be a worldwide issue in social work (Mor Barak, et al., 2001).”
BackgroundResultCountertransference and positive growth in social workers
Gibbons, S., Murphy, D., & Joseph, S. (2010) · Journal of Social Work Practice · doi:10.1080/02650530903579246 · Cited by 59
“As such, burnout is a frequent complaint (e.g. Evans et al., 2006; Lloyd & King, 2002).”
BackgroundRied, L. D., Motycka, C. A., Mobley, C., & Meldrum, M. J. (2006) · American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education · doi:10.1016/s0002-9459(24)07771-4 · Cited by 59
Constructing Moral Responses to Risk: A Framework for Hopeful Social Work Practice
Stanford, S. (2011) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcr030 · Cited by 58
Psychometric Properties of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory—Chinese Version
Fong, T. C. T., Ho, R., & Ng, S. (2013) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2013.781498 · Cited by 58
“Research on the phenomenon has revealed its high prevalence rate (Arigoni, Bovier, Mermillod, Waltz, & Sappino, 2009; Evans et al., 2006) and significant association with poor health (Armon, Shirom, Shapira, & Melamed, 2008), sickness leave (Karlson et al., 2010), job dissatisfaction (ter Doest &…”
BackgroundA Nonrandomized Controlled Trial of Strengths Model Case Management in Hong Kong
Tsoi, E. W. S., Tse, S. S.-K., Yu, C.-H., Chan, S.-K., Wan, E., Wong, S., & Liu, L. (2018) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731518772142 · Cited by 57
Lee, M. S.-M., Lee, M., Liao, S., & Chiang, F. (2009) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/s0929-6646(09)60045-0 · Cited by 55
Do we care? Adult mental health professionals' attitudes towards supporting service users' children
Slack, K., & Webber, M. (2007) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2206.2007.00516.x · Cited by 55
Self-citationGoverning under Pressure? The Mental Wellbeing of Politicians
Flinders, M. V., Weinberg, A., Weinberg, J., Geddes, M., & Kwiatkowski, R. M. (2018) · Parliamentary Affairs · doi:10.1093/pa/gsy046 · Cited by 54
Zheng, G., Lyu, X., Pan, L., & Chen, A. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12641-y · Cited by 54
Antonopoulou, V., Killian, M., & Forrester, D. (2017) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.02.028 · Cited by 51
“…it has been suggested that it is the organizational settings and their policies that generate the feelings of stress and anxiety (Acker, 2004; Huxley et al. 2005; Smith, 2005; Morris, 2005; Evans et al., 2005; Collins, 2008; Boyas & Wind, 2010; Manttari-van der Kuip, 2014; Wilberforce et…”
BackgroundStress, Anxiety, Resilience and Coping in Social Work Students (A Study from India)
Stanley, S., & Bhuvaneswari, G. M. (2015) · Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/02615479.2015.1118451 · Cited by 50
“Several studies have looked at issues relating to stress (e.g. Coyle, Edwards, Hannigan, Fothergill, & Burnard, 2005), resilience, job satisfaction, burn out (e.g. Evans et al., 2006) and coping (e.g. Collins, 2008) in professional social workers.”
BackgroundBurnout in Health Social Work: an international systematic review (2000–2020)
Frieiro Padín, P., Verde-Diego, C., Arias, T. F., & González-Rodríguez, R. (2021) · European Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1080/13691457.2020.1870215 · Cited by 49
“It was noted that 47% of social workers revealed a significant level of distress, which was higher than that of the average mental health worker, although social workers also experienced more personal accomplishment than other mental health colleagues (Evans et al., 2006).”
BackgroundThe impact of 'statutory duties' on mental health social workers in the UK
Evans, S., Huxley, P. J., Webber, M., Katona, C., Gately, C., Mears, A., Medina, J., Pajak, S., & Kendall, T. (2005) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2524.2005.00540.x · Cited by 48
“The ASW role appears to reduce job satisfaction (even when other explanatory variables such as work context and environment, personal characteristics and job content are controlled for) (Evans et al. 2005), and also increases the GHQ score for men.”
BackgroundSelf-citationGraham, J. R., & Shier, M. L. (2010) · International Social Work · doi:10.1177/0020872810368394 · Cited by 47
“…in the workplace, has focused mainly on the detrimental effects of the profession (Coyle et al., 2005; Jones and Novak, 1993), specifically such phenomena as worker burnout, blunted employee morale, or workplace turnover (Evans et al., 2006; Gleason-Wynn and Mindel, 1999; Kim and Stoner, 2008).”
BackgroundWork-related factors associated with psychological distress among social workers
Kagan, M., & Itzick, M. (2019) · European Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1080/13691457.2017.1357021 · Cited by 44
“This is compatible with other research findings (e.g. Evans et al., 2006; Leino et al., 2011; Nelson-Gardell & Harris, 2003).”
BackgroundResultJob Satisfaction and Burnout Among Staff Working in Community-Based Personality Disorder Services
Crawford, M., Adedeji, T., Price, K., & Rutter, D. (2009) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764009105702 · Cited by 46
“Concerns have been expressed about problems in retaining staff in mental health services (Evans et al., 2006; Ito et al., 2001).”
BackgroundDe Castro, A. B., Rue, T., & Takeuchi, D. T. (2010) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1446.2010.00891.x · Cited by 43
“It is also possible that employment frustration reflects dissatisfaction with one’s current job, which has also been found to be associated with negative health outcomes (Evans et al., 2006; Faragher, Cass, & Cooper, 2005; Fischer & Sousa-Poza, 2009).”
Job Demands, Resources, and Burnout in Social Workers in China: Mediation Effect of Mindfulness
Huang, C., Xie, X., Cheung, S., Zhou, Y., & Ying, G. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph181910526 · Cited by 54
Mandell, D., Stalker, C., Wright, M. D. Z., Frensch, K. M., & Harvey, C. (2012) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00857.x · Cited by 40
Wilberforce, M., Jacobs, S., Challis, D., Manthorpe, J., Stevens, M., Jasper, R., Fernández, J., Glendinning, C., Jones, K. M., Knapp, M. R. J., et al. (2012) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcs166 · Cited by 51
“One study of mental health social workers in England has found that high job demands and low control were individually associated with low wellbeing, but did not test for interaction effects (Evans et al., 2006).”
BackgroundBailey, D., & Liyanage, L. (2012) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcs069 · Cited by 39
McFadden, P., Neill, R. D., Mallett, J., Manthorpe, J., Gillen, P. A., Moriarty, J., Currie, D., Schroder, H. S., Ravalier, J. M., Nicholl, P., et al. (2021) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcab198 · Cited by 46
“, 2020) and are influenced strongly by negative psychological impact (Evans et al., 2006; Harrikari et al., 2021; Savaya et al., 2021).”
BackgroundClient Violence and Mental Health Status among Iranian Social Workers: A National Survey
Padyab, M., Chelak, H. M., Nygren, L., & Ghazinour, M. (2011) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcr053 · Cited by 39
Tatsuse, T., & Sekine, M. (2013) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2012-0058 · Cited by 42
Bangwal, D., Kumar, R., Suyal, J., & Ghouri, A. M. (2023) · Annals of Operations Research · doi:10.1007/s10479-023-05431-1 · Cited by 44
“Otherwise, it will decrease occupants as well as organizational productivity (Pieper et al., 2019 ; Monzani et al., 2018; Grawitch et al., 2015; Evans et al., 2006; Faragher et al., 2005 ; Humbeek et al., 2004 ).”
Büyükşahin Çevik, G. (2017) · Universal Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.13189/ujer.2017.050306 · Cited by 38
“have relationships with job satisfaction as well [34].”
BackgroundEmotional intelligence as a part of critical reflection in social work practice and research
Herland, M. D. (2021) · Qualitative Social Work · doi:10.1177/14733250211024734 · Cited by 37
“Social workers often experience high levels of stress and burnout, but most remain committed to their work without fully recognising its emotional toll (Evans et al., 2006; Kim, 2011; Ruch, 2012).”
BackgroundBurnout Among Social Workers in Social Services: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence
Bertomeu, V. M. G., Caravaca-Sánchez, F., Hartmann, N. D. A., & Ricoy-Cano, A. J. (2024) · Journal of Social Service Research · doi:10.1080/01488376.2024.2371847 · Cited by 37
“As shown in Table 1, a total of six studies (Caravaca-Sánchez et al., 2019; Caravaca-Sánchez et al., 2021; Evans et al., 2006; Martínez-López et al., 2021; Roca, 2018; Toledano & Ruíz-Olivares, 2023) offered this information, including a total of 1478 social workers (73.0% women and 17.0% men),…”
InfluentialKoutra, K., Mavroeides, G., & Triliva, S. (2021) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-021-00874-x · Cited by 37
Hotel building design, occupants’ health and performance in response to COVID 19
Bangwal, D., Suyal, J., & Kumar, R. (2022) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103212 · Cited by 43
Hamama, L. (2011) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcr135 · Cited by 36
EN, O. F. A. (2015) · African Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4172/psychiatry.1000198 · Cited by 35
“The GHQ-12 has also been used for studies in Nigeria [19].”
MethodEvans, S., & Huxley, P. J. (2008) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2524.2008.00818.x · Cited by 34
“Similarly, social workers working in some service-areas [e.g. Approved Social Workers (ASWs); Evans et al. 2005b, 2006] are less satisfied in the jobs than others.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationAdams, D. R., Williams, N. J., Becker‐Haimes, E. M., Skriner, L. C., Shaffer, L. R., DeWitt, K., Neimark, G. B., Jones, D. T., & Beidas, R. S. (2019) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-019-00949-8 · Cited by 33
The Schwartz Centre Rounds: Supporting mental health workers with the emotional impact of their work
Allen, D. E., Spencer, G., McEwan, K., Catarino, F., Evans, R., Quesnel-Crooks, S., & Gilbert, P. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12729 · Cited by 32
de Castro, A. B., Gee, G. C., & Takeuchi, D. T. (2008) · AAOHN Journal · doi:10.3928/08910162-20080101-01 · Cited by 31
“dissatisfaction focused on specific occupations, such as nurses, physicians, home care workers, and mental health professionals, and workplaces (Denton, Zeytinoglu, Davies, & Lian, 2002; Evans et al., 2006; Johnson et al., 1995; Ma, Samuels, & Alexander, 2003).”
BackgroundFactors Affecting Burnout in Manufacturing Industries
Soelton, M., Hardianti, D., Kuncoro, S., & Jumadi, J. (2020) · International Conference on Management, Economics and Business (ICMEB) · doi:10.2991/aebmr.k.200205.010 · Cited by 31
“Burnout is also defined as fatigue due to excessive demands on energy and resources [29].”
BackgroundXie, X., Huang, C., Cheung, S., Zhou, Y., & Fang, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.741563 · Cited by 39
Occupational stress and job burnout in mental health
Lasalvia, A., & Tansella, M. (2011) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796011000576 · Cited by 31
“, 2000), su caratteristiche individuali di tipo lavorativo (Prosser et al., 1999; Kilfedder et al., 2001; Evans et al., 2006) o su tratti personologici predisponenti (Naisberg-Fennig et al.”
InfluentialYi, J., Chen, I., Lin, C., Li, C.-C., Liao, X.-L., Zhi-hui, W., & Gamble, J. H. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9091199 · Cited by 37
“Since PNT is positively associated with teacher burnout (including anxiety and depression) [35,40], the model hypothesizes that PNT of online teaching will be positively related to mental health problems since PNT has been demonstrated to serve as a proxy for psychological distress [41,47].”
BackgroundChallis, D., Tucker, S., Wilberforce, M., Brand, C., Abendstern, M., Stewart, K., Jasper, R., Harrington, V., Verbeek, H., Jolley, D. J., et al. (2014) · Programme Grants for Applied Research · doi:10.3310/pgfar02040 · Cited by 29
Kagan, M. (2021) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294120945593 · Cited by 29
“These included years of professional experience in the role of nurse, self-rated health (Idler & Benyamini, 1997), self-efficacy (Chen et al., 2001; Pisanti et al., 2015), self-defined burnout (Schmoldt et al., 1994), and gender (Kagan et al., 2018; Kagan et al., 2017; Evans et al., 2006).”
BackgroundWorkforce development: An important paradigm shift for the alcohol and other drugs sector
ROCHE, A. M., & Nicholas, R. S. (2016) · Drugs Education Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1080/09687637.2016.1262823 · Cited by 33
Dinibutun, S. R. (2023) · Journal of Healthcare Leadership · doi:10.2147/jhl.s440021 · Cited by 28
“77 In exploring the association between burnout, job satisfaction, and mental health, Evans et al 78 discovered that social workers experienced very high levels of stress and emotional fatigue, as well as very low levels of job satisfaction.”
BackgroundDeveloping and Testing a Model of Burnout at Work and Turnover Intensions among Doctors in Pakistan
Malik, M. I., Zaheer, A., Khan, M. A., & Ahmed, M. (2010) · International Journal of Business and Management · doi:10.5539/ijbm.v5n10p234 · Cited by 28
“In another study Evans et al., (2006) examined the prevalence of stress and burnout, and job satisfaction among mental health social workers (MHSWs) and the author has examined the factors responsible for prevalence of stress and burnout by using a combination of questionnaires.”
MethodZdeb, M., Papciak, D., & Zamorska, J. (2018) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/20184500111 · Cited by 28
Psychiatric caregiver stress: clinical implications of compassion fatigue.
Franza, F., Buono, G. D., & Pellegrino, F. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 28
Job satisfaction of mental healthcare workers in multidisciplinary teams
Scanlan, L. M., Devine, S., & Watkins, D. L. (2019) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2019.1644489 · Cited by 27
“For social workers, the impact of higher workloads was being undervalued in their role and being vulnerable to stress in delivering mental health care services – a finding consistent with Evans et al. (2006).”
BackgroundResultSocial Workers in Israel: Compassion, Fatigue, and Spillover into Married Life
Finzi‐Dottan, R., & Kormosh, M. B. (2016) · Journal of Social Service Research · doi:10.1080/01488376.2016.1147515 · Cited by 34
“Several factors are described as predicting and even increasing secondary traumatization and burnout, such as case load and the type of trauma suffered by patients (Hess, 2002), low sense of professional selfefficacy (Berger & Gelkopf, 2011), and deficiency in support systems (Events et al., 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialKing, E. (2021) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105763 · Cited by 23
Fleury, M., Grenier, G., Bamvita, J., & Chiocchio, F. (2017) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-017-9543-6 · Cited by 25
“These new services or organizational features require interdisciplinary teamwork, which is now the dominant model of healthcare delivery in general, and more particularly in mental health [8].”
BackgroundWittyFit—Live Your Work Differently: Study Protocol for a Workplace-Delivered Health Promotion
Dutheil, F., Duclos, M., Naughton, G. A., Dewavrin, S., Cornet, T., Huguet, P., Chatard, J., & Pereira, B. (2017) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.6267 · Cited by 27
Job demand, control and unresolved stress within the emotional work of long-term care in England
Hussein, S. (2018) · International Journal of Care and Caring · doi:10.1332/239788218x15187915863909 · Cited by 25
Xia, Y. J., Zhang, L., & Zhao, N. (2016) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2016.56 · Cited by 26
“Empirical evidence claims that higher level of decision-making latitude is associated with a greater sense of job satisfaction (Evans et al., 2005; Sagie et al., 2002; Witt et al., 2000).”
BackgroundThe limbic model of systemic trauma
Tyler, T. (2011) · Journal of Social Work Practice · doi:10.1080/02650533.2011.602474 · Cited by 24
“In a study measuring stress in approved social workers and mental health social workers, very high levels of stress and emotional exhaustion was found in both samples (Evans et al., 2006).”
BackgroundVariables associated with job satisfaction among mental health professionals
Fleury, M., Grenier, G., Bamvita, J., & Farand, L. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205963 · Cited by 32
Kim, S., Wong, A. K. F., Han, H., & Yeung, M. W. (. (2021) · Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/10941665.2021.1998161 · Cited by 23
“In contrast, mental health problems are influential factors that create burnout syndrome and negatively affect job satisfaction (Bond & Bunce, 2003; Cheng & Yi, 2018; Evans et al., 2006; Nadinloyi et al., 2013).”
BackgroundWu, Y., Wei, Y., Li, Y., Pang, J., & Su, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.952269 · Cited by 23
Deciding to Detain: The Use of Compulsory Mental Health Law by UK Social Workers
Campbell, J. (2009) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcp121 · Cited by 23
Noblet, A. J., Allisey, A., Nielsen, I. L., Cotton, S., LaMontagne, A. D., & Page, K. M. (2016) · Health Care Management Review · doi:10.1097/hmr.0000000000000104 · Cited by 26
“The results involving job control are consistent with previous studies involving community health personnel where close associations between job control and job satisfaction have been identified (Evans et al., 2006; Noblet et al., 2007).”
ResultCaravaca-Sanchez, F., Barrera-Algarín, E., Seller, E. P., & Sarasola, J. L. (2019) · Trabajo Social Global-Global Social Work · doi:10.30827/tsg-gsw.v9i17.8284 · Cited by 23
Furminger, E., & Webber, M. (2008) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcm171 · Cited by 23
Self-citationTyrer, P. J., & Tyrer, H. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781911623403 · Cited by 22
Fu, A., Zhao, T., Gao, X., Li, X., Liu, X., & Liu, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1049822 · Cited by 22
“Job burnout occurred in response to factors such as excessive working hours (18), high job demands, and lower job control (19).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Evans, S., Huxley, P., Gately, C., Webber, M., Mears, A., Pajak, S., Medina, J., Kendall, T., & Katona, C.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Royal College of Psychiatrists (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Evans, Sherrill
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 188
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 75-80
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2140561684
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 13.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Cronfa (Swansea University) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Social Sciences › Public Administration › Social Work Education and Practice
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- mental health social workers, burnout, job satisfaction, occupational stress, emotional exhaustion, job demands, job content, recruitment and retention, mental health services, England and Wales
- MeSH terms
- Burnout, Professional, Community Mental Health Services, England, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Work, Stress, Psychological, Wales
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
