The DOI matches its Crossref record; 92 of the 93 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder: a focused systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background: A recently updated Cochrane review supports the efficacy of psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Aims: To evaluate the effects of standalone and add-on psychotherapeutic treatments more concisely. Method: We applied the same methods as the 2020 Cochrane review, but focused on adult samples and comparisons of active treatments and unspecific control conditions. Standalone treatments (i.e. necessarily including individual psychotherapy as either the sole or one of several treatment components) and add-on interventions (i.e. complementing any ongoing individual BPD treatment) were analysed separately. Primary outcomes were BPD severity, self-harm, suicide-related outcomes and psychosocial functioning. Secondary outcomes were remaining BPD diagnostic criteria, depression and attrition. Results: Thirty-one randomised controlled trials totalling 1870 participants were identified. Among standalone treatments, statistically significant effects of low overall certainty were observed for dialectical behaviour therapy (self-harm: standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.54, P = 0.006; psychosocial functioning: SMD −0.51, P = 0.01) and mentalisation-based treatment (self-harm: risk ratio 0.51, P < 0.0007; suicide-related outcomes: risk ratio 0.10, P < 0.0001). For adjunctive interventions, moderate-quality evidence of beneficial effects was observed for DBT skills training (BPD severity: SMD −0.66, P = 0.002; psychosocial functioning: SMD −0.45, P = 0.002), and statistically significant low-certainty evidence was observed for the emotion regulation group (BPD severity: mean difference −8.49, P < 0.00001), manual-assisted cognitive therapy (self-harm: mean difference −3.03, P = 0.03; suicide-related outcomes: SMD −0.96, P = 0.005) and the systems training for emotional predictability and problem-solving (BPD severity: SMD −0.48, P = 0.002). Conclusions: There is reasonable evidence to conclude that psychotherapeutic interventions are helpful for individuals with BPD. Replication studies are needed to enhance the certainty of findings.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Several types of MBT for BPD are empirically supported [40–42].”
From The (cost-)effectiveness of early intervention (MBT-early) versus standard protocolized treatment (CBT) for emerging borderline personality disorder in adolescents (the EARLY study): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [40]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139
The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
Higgins, J. P. T., Altman, D. G., Gotzsche, P. C., Juni, P., Moher, D., Oxman, A. D., Savovic, J., Schulz, K. F., Weeks, L., Sterne, J. A. C., et al. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d5928 · Cited by 33,817
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Cohen, J. (2013) · doi:10.4324/9780203771587 · Cited by 25,373
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions
(2019) · doi:10.1002/9781119536604 · Cited by 14,828
Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u · Cited by 14,523
GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction—GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables
Guyatt, G., Oxman, A. D., Akl, E. A., Kunz, R., Vist, G., Brozek, J., Norris, S., Falck-Ytter, Y., Glasziou, P., & deBeer, H. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026 · Cited by 10,681
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1023/b:joba.0000007455.08539.94 · Cited by 8,942
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder
Cary, G. L. (1994) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1994.48.1.155 · Cited by 6,299
The Global Assessment Scale: A Procedure for Measuring Overall Severity of Psychiatric Disturbance
Endicott, J. (1976) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770060086012 · Cited by 4,982
Research works printed but not linked: 16
- 2000, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision
- Blum, 2002, STEPPS: Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving: Group Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder
- Linehan, 1989, Parasuicide History Interview: Comprehensive Assessment of Parasuicidal Behavior
- 2004, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
- 2013, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5
- 1994, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition
- 2020, Review Manager (RevMan) [Computer Program] Version 5.4
- 104 Page MJ, Higgins JPT, Sterne JAC. Chapter 13: assessing risk of bias due to missing results in a synthesis. In Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.2 (updated February 2021) (eds Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA): Ch. 13. Cochrane, 2021.
- Mohamadizadeh, 2017, Comparing of the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and schema therapy (ST) on reducing mood activity and suicidal thoughts in patients with borderline personality disorder, Acta Medica Mediterr, 2017, 1025
- Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Borderline Personality Disorder
- Stanley, 2017, Treating Suicidal Behavior and Self-Mutilation in People with Borderline Personality Disorder - Study Results
- Higgins, 2011, Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [Updated March 2011]
- 69 Deeks JJ, Higgins JPT, Altman DG (editors). Chapter 10: analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.2 (updated February 2021) (eds Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA): Ch. 10. Cochrane, 2021.
- First, 1997, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II): Interview Booklet and Questionnaire
- 1987, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition, Revised
- 1980, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-III
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Solmi, M., Monaco, F., Højlund, M., Monteleone, A. M., Trott, M., Firth, J., Carfagno, M., Eaton, M., Toffol, M. D., Vergine, M., et al. (2024) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21182 · Cited by 307
Setkowski, K., Palantza, C., van Ballegooijen, W., Gilissen, R., Oud, M., Cristea, I. A., Noma, H., Furukawa, T. A., Arntz, A. R., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., et al. (2023) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291723000685 · Cited by 89
Ernst, M., Brähler, E., Kampling, H., Kruse, J., Fegert, J. M., Plener, P. L., & Beutel, M. E. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105870 · Cited by 49
Efficacy of mentalization‐based therapy in treating self‐harm: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Hajek Gross, C., Oehlke, S., Prillinger, K., Goreis, A., Plener, P. L., & Kothgassner, O. D. (2024) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.13044 · Cited by 31
Assmann, N., Schaich, A., Arntz, A. R., Wagner, T., Herzog, P., Alvarez‐Fischer, D., Sipos, V., Jauch‐Chara, K., Klein, J. P., Hüppe, M., et al. (2024) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000538404 · Cited by 35
Metadata
- Authors
- Stoffers-Winterling, J. M., Storebø, O. J., Kongerslev, M. T., Faltinsen, E., Todorovac, A., Sedoc Jørgensen, M., Sales, C. P., Edemann Callesen, H., Pereira Ribeiro, J., Völlm, B. A., Lieb, K., & Simonsen, E.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Region Zealand (DK)
- Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Stoffers-Winterling, Jutta M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2022-01-28
- Volume
- 221
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 538-552
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W4210629065
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 8
- FWCI
- 4.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- borderline personality disorder, psychotherapy, dialectical behavior therapy, mentalization-based treatment, DBT skills training, self-harm, suicide, psychosocial functioning, BPD severity, add-on intervention
- MeSH terms
- Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Adult, Borderline Personality Disorder, Humans, Psychotherapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Self-Injurious Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
