The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Background: Internet-delivered self-help programmes with added therapist guidance have shown efficacy in social anxiety disorder, but unguided self-help has been insufficiently studied. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder. Method: Participants followed a cognitive–behavioural self-help programme in the form of either pure bibliotherapy or an internet-based treatment with therapist guidance and online group discussions. A subsequent trial was conducted to evaluate treatment specificity. Participants (n = 235) were randomised to one of three conditions in the first trial, or one of four conditions in the second. Results: Pure bibliotherapy and the internet-based treatment were better than waiting list on measures of social anxiety, general anxiety, depression and quality of life. The internet-based therapy had the highest effect sizes, but directly comparable effects were noted for bibliotherapy augmented with online group discussions. Gains were well maintained a year later. Conclusions: Unguided self-help through bibliotherapy can produce enduring improvement for individuals with social anxiety disorder.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Guided iCBT has been found to be effective for numerous specific disorders such as panic disorder [4,5], generalized anxiety disorder [6,7], social anxiety disorder [8-10], posttraumatic stress disorder [11], specific phobia [12], major depression [3], stress [13], and somatic health problems such as irritable bowel syndrome [14].”
From Individually Tailored Internet-Based Treatment for Young Adults and Adults With Panic Attacks: Randomized Controlled Trial (2012) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“Internet-delivered treatments for anxiety disorders have included interventions for panic disorder, SAD, SP, and posttraumatic stress and they have established findings that support their potential effectiveness and efficacy [43-47].”
From Low-intensity internet-delivered treatment for generalized anxiety symptoms in routine care: protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2014) · cites this paper as [45]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties.
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.6.893 · Cited by 14,407
Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.12 · Cited by 7,770
Mattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)10031-6 · Cited by 3,367
Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis
SPEK, V., CUIJPERS, P., NYKLÍČEK, I., RIPER, H., KEYZER, J., & POP, V. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706008944 · Cited by 1,586
Credibility of analogue therapy rationales
Borkovec, T. D., & Nau, S. D. (1972) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(72)90045-6 · Cited by 1,553
Frisch, M. B., Cornell, J., Villanueva, M., & Retzlaff, P. J. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.92 · Cited by 1,075
FRESCO, D. M., COLES, M. E., HEIMBERG, R. G., LIEBOWITZ, M. R., HAMI, S., STEIN, M. B., & GOETZ, D. (2001) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291701004056 · Cited by 874
Svanborg, P., & Åsberg, M. (1994) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01480.x · Cited by 693
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- First, 1997, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IV Axis I Disorders (SCID–I)
- Furmark, 2006, Social Fobi – Effektiv Hjälp med Kognitiv Beteendeterapi [Social Phobia – Effective Help with CBT]
- 2000, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn, text revision) (DSM–IV–TR)
- Mattick, 1998, Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety, Behav Res Ther, 36
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Persuasive System Design Does Matter: a Systematic Review of Adherence to Web-based Interventions
Kelders, S. M., Kok, R. N., Ossebaard, H. C., & Van Gemert-Pijnen, J. E. (2012) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2104 · Cited by 1,308
Andrews, G., Cuijpers, P., Craske, M. G., McEvoy, P., & Titov, N. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013196 · Cited by 1,311
Katzman, M. A., Bleau, P., Blier, P., Chokka, P., Kjernisted, K., Van Ameringen, M., & the Canadian Anxiety Guidelines Initiative Group on behalf of the Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada/Association Canadienne des troubles anxieux and McGill University (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-s1-s1 · Cited by 1,090
“Most ICBT programs include minimal therapist contact via email [404-410] or telephone [405,409].”
BackgroundSpijkerman, M. P. J., Pots, W. T. M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.009 · Cited by 975
“Automated support has proven effective in improving adherence and effectiveness of interventions (Furmark et al., 2009; Morgan, Jorm, & Mackinnon, 2012; Titov et al., 2010).”
BackgroundAndrews, G., Basu, A., Cuijpers, P., Craske, M. G., McEvoy, P., English, C. L., & Newby, J. M. (2018) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.01.001 · Cited by 922
Metadata
- Authors
- Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hållén, A., Frykman, M., Holmström, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Linköping University (SE)
- Örebro University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Furmark, Tomas
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 195
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 440-447
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2026629696
- Cited by
- 256
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 20.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, self-help, online therapy, bibliotherapy, online group discussion, therapist guidance, cognitive behavioral therapy, treatment specificity, maintenance of treatment effects, general anxiety, depression, quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Bibliotherapy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phobic Disorders, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Self Care, Shyness, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Telemedicine, Internet, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
