The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
State-dependent alteration in face emotion recognition in depression
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Negative biases in emotional processing are well recognised in people who are currently depressed but are less well described in those with a history of depression, where such biases may contribute to vulnerability to relapse. AIMS: To compare accuracy, discrimination and bias in face emotion recognition in those with current and remitted depression. METHOD: The sample comprised a control group (n = 101), a currently depressed group (n = 30) and a remitted depression group (n = 99). Participants provided valid data after receiving a computerised face emotion recognition task following standardised assessment of diagnosis and mood symptoms. RESULTS: In the control group women were more accurate in recognising emotions than men owing to greater discrimination. Among participants with depression, those in remission correctly identified more emotions than controls owing to increased response bias, whereas those currently depressed recognised fewer emotions owing to decreased discrimination. These effects were most marked for anger, fear and sadness but there was no significant emotion × group interaction, and a similar pattern tended to be seen for happiness although not for surprise or disgust. These differences were confined to participants who were antidepressant-free, with those taking antidepressants having similar results to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormalities in face emotion recognition differ between people with current depression and those in remission. Reduced discrimination in depressed participants may reflect withdrawal from the emotions of others, whereas the increased bias in those with a history of depression could contribute to vulnerability to relapse. The normal face emotion recognition seen in those taking medication may relate to the known effects of antidepressants on emotional processing and could contribute to their ability to protect against depressive relapse.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Consistent with this, depression is associated with decreased discrimination of facial emotion (Anderson et al., 2011).”
From Approaching the biology of human parental attachment: Brain imaging, oxytocin and coordinated assessments of mothers and fathers (2014) · cites this paper as Anderson et al., 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change
Montgomery, S. A., & Åsberg, M. (1979) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.134.4.382 · Cited by 13,962
Detection Theory: A User's Guide
Macmillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D. (1991) · Cited by 5,415
Ekman, P. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,345
Ekman, P. (1993) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.48.4.384 · Cited by 3,441
Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders
Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143916 · Cited by 2,100
Recognizing emotion from facial expressions: psychological and neurological mechanisms
Adolphs, R. (2002) · Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews · doi:10.1177/1534582302001001003 · Cited by 1,432
Macmillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D. (2004) · doi:10.4324/9781410611147 · Cited by 1,269
McClure, E. B. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.3.424 · Cited by 1,032
Ruffman, T., Henry, J. D., Livingstone, V., & Phillips, L. H. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.01.001 · Cited by 984
Anderson, I. M., Ferrier, I. N., Baldwin, R., Cowen, P. J., Howard, L. M., Lewis, G., Matthews, K., McAllister-Williams, H., Peveler, R. C., Scott, J. L., et al. (2008) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881107088441 · Cited by 909
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Spitzer, 1990, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–III–R – Patient Edition (SCID–P, version 1.0)
- Ammons, 1962, The Quick Test provisional manual, Psychol Reports (monograph supplement I–VII), 11
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–144 of 144
Ausdruck, Erkennen und Erleben von Emotion bei psychischen Störungen
Wolf, K., Maß, R., Lambert, M., Wiedemann, K., & Naber, D. (2013) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-013-3778-8 · Cited by 3
Höltervennhoff, S., Ricker, J., Raphael, M. M., Schwedes, C., Weil, R., Fischer, A., Holz, T., Schönherr, L., & Fahl, S. (2026) · Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791006 · Cited by 3
The effect of emotion recognition and mindfulness on depression symptoms: A case–control study
Aydın, O., Tvrtković, S., Çakıroğlu, E., Ünal‐Aydın, P., & Danacı, A. E. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12992 · Cited by 4
Clinical relevance of cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder
Cha, D. S. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139860567.002 · Cited by 2
Toward an Interoperable Catalogue of Multimodal Depression-Related Data
Amorese, T., Cordasco, G., D’Angelo, G., de Biase, M. S., Giovanni, M. D., Esposito, A. A., Greco, C., Marrone, S., Marulli, F., & Verde, L. (2022) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-24801-6_27 · Cited by 1
Alfi‐Yogev, T., Kivity, Y., Atzil–Slonim, D., Paz, A., Igra, L., Lavi‐Rotenberg, A., & Hasson‐Ohayon, I. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23648 · Cited by 1
SCLCM: Simple Contrastive Learning based Convolutional Model for EEG Emotion Recognition
Shulepin, D. A., Shulepina, S., Lukmanov, R., & Zykov, S. V. (2025) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2025.09.369 · Cited by 1
Mauersberger, H., Kastendieck, T., Huppertz, D., & Heß, U. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.106003 · Cited by 1
Wylie, G. R., Román, C. A. F., Buckey, J. C., Chiaravalloti, N. D., Falvo, M. J., Ford, J. C., Genova, H. M., Niemczak, C. E., Roth, R., & DeLuca, J. (2026) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-025-13584-1 · Cited by 1
Feng, Y., Guan, Z., Che, C., & Liang, L. (2026) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2026.109604 · Cited by 1
Symptoms of depression: "hot" and "cold" cognition
Gramaglia, C. M., Pietrini, F., Zeppegno, P., & Carla, N. (2015) · Cited by 1
Social Inferences as Mediators of Wellbeing in Depression
Giurgi-Oncu, C., Bredicean, C. A., Frandeș, M., ENĂTESCU, V. R., Papavă, I., Rivis, I. A., & Ursoniu, S. (2021) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s309009 · Cited by 1
Depressive affect moderates the effects of biological sex on the recognition of facial emotion
Hampson, E., Chow, J. A., & Fleury, C. (2022) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-022-01208-w · Cited by 1
Emotion Perception in Borderline Personality Disorder
Daros, A. R. (2012) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 1
Global Financial & Business Networks and Information Management Systems
Maximsev, I. A., Краснопрошин, В. В., & Román, C. P. (2010) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 1
SEROTONIN IN EMOTIONAL MEMORY PROCESSES: NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES WITH EMPHASIS ON DEPRESSION
Eriksson, T. (2012) · Figshare
Lloyd-Williams, K., Thomas, E., Amone, D., Elliott, R., Deakin, J. F. W., Williams, S., McKie, S., & Anderson, I. M. (2014) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(14)70619-4
Self-citationError Modelling Approach based on Artificial Neural Networks for Face Emotion Recognition
Gaspar, L., Morales, S. O. C., & Romero, F. T. (2014) · Research in Computing Science · doi:10.13053/rcs-78-1-2
The role of social cognition in major depressive disorder
Baune, B. T., & Weightman, M. J. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139860567.009
Carr, S. E. (2017) · ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)
Face processing impairments in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders
Darke, H. (2018) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)
Neurocognitive Mechanisms for Detecting Early Phase of Depressive Disorder
Tarai, S. (2019) · Advances in medical technologies and clinical practice book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-8567-1.ch010
An Integrative Review of Facial Emotion Information Processing in Depression
Jo, E., & Kim, J. (2020) · Korean Journal of Stress Research · doi:10.17547/kjsr.2020.28.2.41
Socialkognitive vanskeligheder hos patienter med depression
Ladegaard, N. (2019) · Psyke & Logos · doi:10.7146/pl.v40i2.117813
Singh, A., Bains, K., & Kaur, H. (2021) · Journal of Applied and Natural Science · doi:10.31018/jans.v13i2.2495
Interventions for social cognitive deficits
Baune, B. T. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198835554.003.0010
Zalk, N. V., Lalitharatne, T. D., Tan, Y., & Nanayakkara, T. (2021) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/9ukqy
Tyrer, P. J. (2012) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.201.1.82
Autism Spectrum Disorder Versus Major Depressive Disorder
Stavropoulos, K. K. M., Bolourian, Y., & Gotham, K. O. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780197516881.003.0007
Qiu, S., Luo, X., Luo, Y., Wei, D., & Mei, G. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1984371/v1
Neuropsychological performance facilitates emotion recognition in bipolar disorder
Lewandowska, A., Górna, K., Jaracz, K., & RYBAKOWSKI, J. K. (2022) · Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.12740/app/156208
Bayrak, Ş., Amiry, F., Kaso, A., & Çakır, M. (2025) · Erzincan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.18185/erzifbed.1453842
An EEG emotion recognition method based on shallow feedback spiking neural network
Wang, P., Jiang, N., & Ji, X. (2025) · IEEE Joint International Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence Conference (ITAIC) · doi:10.1109/itaic64559.2025.11163149
Kuruoğlu, R., Wootton, R. E., Madley‐Dowd, P., & Penton‐Voak, I. S. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.10.28.25338883
Liu, L., He, Z., Song, Y., Zuo, G., Bai, X., Su, H., Wang, D., Zhao, H., Wang, S., Li, W., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1693193
Kamenish, K., Cahill, E., & Robinson, E. S. J. (2026) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-026-02376-4
Shen, Y., Wu, P., Tuo, Z., Wang, L., Liu, Y., Wang, Z., Deng, C., Wang, Y., Wu, F., Jiang, X., et al. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121770
Qin, J., Tan, H., & Jin, K. (2026) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110359
A Hierarchical Multi-Domain Attention Network for EEG-Based Emotion Recognition
Sun, M., & You, Q. (2026) · International Conference on Advanced Electronic Materials, Computers and Software Engineering (AEMCSE) · doi:10.1109/aetcse69203.2026.11504412
İzgi, B., Muhcu, S. E., Berberoglu, I., Kaçar, A. Ş., & Eser, H. Y. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04966-9
Pfeiffer, P., Zavaliangos‐Petropulu, A., Taraku, B., Schneider, J., Norris, V., Kozikowski, S. D., Woods, R., Boucher, M., Jog, M., & Narr, K. L. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.09.014
Lorinkova, N., Hamstra, M. R. W., & Mehmood, Q. (2026) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/10596011261494739
A method of reducing model space for dynamic causal modelling
Whittaker, J. R. (2013) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)
Metadata
- Authors
- Anderson, I. M., Shippen, C., Juhasz, G., Chase, D., Thomas, E., Downey, D., Toth, Z. G., Lloyd-Williams, K., Elliott, R., & Deakin, J. F. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- National Health Service (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Anderson, Ian M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 198
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 302-308
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2116335159
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 13.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- facial emotion recognition, depression, remitted depression, response bias, emotion discrimination, emotional processing, antidepressants, relapse vulnerability, sex differences, anger, fear, sadness
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Antidepressive Agents, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Discrimination, Psychological, Emotions, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reaction Time, Recurrence, Comorbidity, Linear Models, Case-Control Studies, Recognition, Psychology, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
