Fifty years of advances in bile acid synthesis and metabolism
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There are two major pathways that mammalian cells use to supply themselves with cholesterol, one involving the synthesis of sterols from acetyl-CoA and the other the metabolism of cholesterol-rich lipoprotein particles via receptor-mediated endocytosis. There also are several pathways that mammalian cells use to break down cholesterol, and these disposal pathways are equal in physiological importance to the supply pathways. A major catabolic route involves conversion of cholesterol into conjugated bile salts, a transformation mediated by 16 or more liver enzymes. This review highlights findings in cholesterol catabolism from the last five decades with special emphasis on advances in bile acid synthesis, transport, and regulation.
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Fibroblast growth factor 19 acts directly on the liver to suppress expression of CYP7A1, the rate-limiting enzyme in the classic pathway of bile acid synthesis.
“FGF19 acts directly on the liver to suppress expression of CYP7A1, the gene‐encoding cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate‐limiting step in the classic pathway of bile acid synthesis.11”
From NGM282 for Treatment of Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
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References 33 · Cited by 358
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Bjorkhem, I. 1985. Mechanism of bile acid biosynthesis in mam- malian liver. In Sterols and Bile Acids. H. Danielsson and J. Sjovall, editors. Elsevier, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford. 231-278.
- Wanders, R. J. A., P. G. Barth, and H. S. A. Heymans. 2001. Single peroxisomal enzyme deficiencies. In The Metabolic & Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease. C. R. Scriver, A. L. Beaudet, W. S. Sly, D. Valle, B. Childs, K. W. Kinzler, and B. Vogelstein, editors. McGraw- Hill, New York. 3219-3256.
- Russell, D. W., and J. B. Cheng. 2005. Multifunctional roles of bile acid biosynthetic enzymes and the isolation of a new vitamin D 25- hydroxylase. In Bile Acid Biology and its Therapeutic Implications. G. Paumgartner, D. Keppler, U. Leuschner, and A. Stiehl, editors. Springer, Dordrecht. 19-26.
- Authors
- Russell, D. W.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Russell, David W.
- ORCID
- Russell, David W.
- Venue
- Journal of Lipid Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 50
- Pages
- S120-S125
- ISSN
- 0022-2275 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2674696
- OpenAlex
- W2135313054
- Cited by
- 358
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 1.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Lipid Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Welch Foundation (I-0971)
- National Institutes of Health (HL20948)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01 HL-20948, P01HL020948)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (PL1 DK-81182, PL1DK081182)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Keywords
- bile acid synthesis, bile acid metabolism, cholesterol catabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis, cholesterol-rich lipoproteins, receptor-mediated endocytosis, bile acid conjugates, bile acid transport, liver enzymes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bile Acids and Salts, Carrier Proteins, Cholesterol, Humans, Ligands, Membrane Glycoproteins, Time Factors
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