Update on Worldwide Efforts to Prevent Type 1 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
This paper reviews worldwide efforts to interdict the type 1 diabetes (T1D) disease process, during the stage of evolution of the disease prior to the time of disease onset. The goal of intervention before disease onset is to arrest immune destruction and thus prevent or delay clinical disease. In this regard, there have been several large‐scale multicenter randomized controlled clinical trials designed to prevent T1D. These have tested nicotinamide, parenteral insulin, oral insulin, nasal insulin, and the elimination of cow's milk from infant feeding.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In one trial, individuals with at least two islet autoantibodies (one being an antibody against insulin) who had a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes received oral insulin.
“In one trial, individuals with at least two islet autoantibodies (one being an antibody against insulin) who had a first degree relative with type 1 diabetes, received oral insulin.130”
From Type 1 diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [130]
The paper’s DPT-1 discussion (page unavailable) reports an oral-insulin trial in relatives of people with type 1 diabetes and describes participants with insulin autoantibodies. Its risk discussion mentions two or more diabetes-related autoantibodies, but does not establish that this was an enrollment requirement for the oral-insulin trial; it also does not specify that those participants were first-degree relatives. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOverall, administration of oral insulin did not delay progression to overt diabetes.
“Overall, administration of oral insulin did not delay progression to overt diabetes,”
From Type 1 diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [130]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Effects of insulin in relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
(2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012350 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Effects of Oral Insulin in Relatives of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
The Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 Study Group (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.5.1068 · Cited by 668 · see citing works
Näntö-Salonen, K., Kupila, A., Simell, S., Siljander, H., Salonsaari, T., Hekkala, A., Korhonen, S., Erkkola, R., Sipilä, J. I., Haavisto, L., et al. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61309-4 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- [1]Williams AJK Bingley PJ Moore WPM Gale EAM the ENDIT screening group Islet autoantibodies, nationality and gender: a multinational screening study in first-degree relatives of patients with Type I diabetes Diabetologia 2002 45 217 223 11935153
- [2]European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial (ENDIT) Group Gale EAM Intervening before the onset of Type 1 diabetes: baseline data from the European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial (ENDIT) Diabetologia 2003 46 339 346 12687331
- [3]European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial (ENDIT) Group European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial (ENDIT): A randomized controlled trial of intervention before the onset of type 1 diabetes Lancet 2004 363 925 931 15043959
- [8]TRIGR Study Group Study design of the Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) Pediatric Diabetes 2007 8 117 137 17550422 PMC5859545
- [9]Keymeulen B Vandemeulebroucke E Ziegler AG Mathieu C Kaufman L Hale G Gorus F Goldman M Walter M Candon S Schandene L Crenier L De Block C Seigneurin JM De Pauw P Pierard D Weets I Rebello P Bird P Berrie E Frewin M Waldmann H Bach JF Pipeleers D Chatenoud L Insulin needs after CD3-antibody therapy in new-onset type 1 diabetes New England Journal of Medicine 2005 352 2598 2608 15972866
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Atkinson, M. A., Eisenbarth, G. S., & Michels, A. W. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60591-7 · Cited by 2,713 · see citing works
Wherrett, D. K., Bundy, B., Becker, D. J., DiMeglio, L. A., Gitelman, S. E., Goland, R., Gottlieb, P. A., Greenbaum, C. J., Herold, K. C., Marks, J. B., et al. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60895-7 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Skyler, J. S., & for the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group
- Corresponding author
- Skyler, Jay S.
- ORCID
- Skyler, Jay S.
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 1150
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 190-196
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- PMC
- PMC2928677
- OpenAlex
- W1972061053
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01DK061041)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes prevention, nicotinamide, oral insulin, nasal insulin, infant feeding, islet autoimmunity, randomized controlled trials
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Humans, Models, Biological, Niacinamide, Global Health, Survival Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
