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Cited by 389

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A Layered Grammar of Graphics

Wickham, Hadley·2010·Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics

Abstract

A grammar of graphics is a tool that enables us to concisely describe the components of a graphic. Such a grammar allows us to move beyond named graphics (e.g., the “scatterplot”) and gain insight into the deep structure that underlies statistical graphics. This article builds on Wilkinson, Anand, and Grossman (2005), describing extensions and refinements developed while building an open source implementation of the grammar of graphics for R, ggplot2. The topics in this article include an introduction to the grammar by working through the process of creating a plot, and discussing the components that we need. The grammar is then presented formally and compared to Wilkinson’s grammar, highlighting the hierarchy of defaults, and the implications of embedding a graphical grammar into a programming language. The power of the grammar is illustrated with a selection of examples that explore different components and their interactions, in more detail. The article concludes by discussing some perceptual issues, and thinking about how we can build on the grammar to learn how to create graphical “poems.” Supplemental materials are available online.

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Crossref · 10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098

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Metadata

Authors
Wickham, H.
Venue
Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics
Published
2010-01
Volume
19
Issue
1
Pages
3-28
ISSN
  • 1061-8600 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-2715
OpenAlex
W2170836630
Cited by
389
References
1
FWCI
1.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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