Cited by 1,171Gastric Cancer Management and OutcomesColorectal Cancer Treatments and StudiesIntraperitoneal and Appendiceal Malignancies

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Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Aggregate Data

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Wagner, Anna D., Grothe, Wilfried, Haerting, Johannes, Kleber, Gerhard, Grothey, Axel, Fleig, Wolfgang E.·2006·Journal of Clinical Oncology

DOI 10.1200/jco.2005.05.0245

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Abstract

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Methods: Randomized phase II and III clinical trials on first-line chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer were identified by electronic searches of Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and Cancerlit; hand searches of relevant abstract books and reference lists; and contact to experts. Meta-analysis was performed using the fixed-effect model. Overall survival, reported as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI, was the primary outcome measure. Results: Analysis of chemotherapy versus best supportive care (HR = 0.39; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.52) and combination versus single agent, mainly fluorouracil (FU) -based chemotherapy (HR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.74 to 0.93) showed significant overall survival benefits in favor of chemotherapy and combination chemotherapy, respectively. In addition, comparisons of FU/cisplatin-containing regimens with versus without anthracyclines (HR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.95) and FU/anthracycline-containing combinations with versus without cisplatin (HR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.91) both demonstrated a significant survival benefit for the three-drug combination. Comparing irinotecan-containing versus nonirinotecan-containing combinations (mainly FU/cisplatin) resulted in a nonsignificant survival benefit in favor of the irinotecan-containing regimens (HR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.06), but they have never been compared against a three-drug combination. Conclusion: Best survival results are achieved with three-drug regimens containing FU, an anthracycline, and cisplatin. Among these, regimens including FU as bolus exhibit a higher rate of toxic deaths than regimens using a continuous infusion of FU, such as epirubicin, cisplatin, and continuous-infusion FU.

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“Complete 0 Partial 1 (3) Stable 8 (27) Progression disease 21 (70) Total assessable 30 (100)”
Background
Report from the 17th Annual Western Canadian Gastrointestinal Cancer Consensus Conference; Edmonton, Alberta; 11–12 September 2015
Mulder, K. E., Ahmed, S., Davies, J. D., Doll, C., Dowden, S. D., Gill, S., Gordon, V., Hebbard, P. C., Lim, H. J., McFadden, A., et al. (2016) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3747/co.23.3384 · Cited by 4
Synthesis, docking, and preliminary in vitro/in vivo evaluation of MPP-dithiocarbamate-capped silver nanoparticle as dual-imaging agent for 5HT1A
Chaturvedi, S., Lal, S., Sen, P., & Mishra, A. K. (2018) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s125009 · Cited by 4
Treatment in resectable non-metastatic adenocarcinoma of stomach: Changing paradigms
Chelakkot, P. G., Ravind, R., Sruthi, K., & Menon, D. (2019) · Indian Journal of Cancer · doi:10.4103/ijc.ijc_375_18 · Cited by 4
A stable gene set for prediction of prognosis and efficacy of chemotherapy in gastric cancer
Wu, R., Guo, S., Lai, S., Pan, G., Zhang, L., & Liu, H. (2021) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-021-08444-w · Cited by 4
Metabolic Syndrome-Related Hyperuricemia is Associated with a Poorer Prognosis in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Feng, Q., Tang, L., Luo, D., Wang, Y., Wu, N., Chen, H., Chen, M., Jiang, L., & Jin, R. (2021) · Cancer Management and Research · doi:10.2147/cmar.s338783 · Cited by 4
“The development of individualized treatment plans has increased the importance of timely assessment of disease progression and accurate evaluation of patient prognosis.(5) The identification of prognostic risk factors can assist in evaluating the risks of postoperative recurrence and death, as well as identifying trea…”
Background
A randomized phase III study of fractionated docetaxel, oxaliplatin, capecitabine (low-tox) vs epirubicin, oxaliplatin and capecitabine (eox) in patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic gastric cancer: the lega trial
Rosati, G., Cella, C. A., Cavanna, L., Codecà, C., Prisciandaro, M., Mosconi, S., Luchena, G., Silvestris, N., Bernardini, I., Casaretti, R., et al. (2022) · Gastric Cancer · doi:10.1007/s10120-022-01292-y · Cited by 4
“1 3 based on an analysis of three randomized trials [2], other authors have pointed out how the addition of anthracycline to a doublet showed a non-significant HR of 0.”
BackgroundMethod
Capecitabine in advanced gastric cancer
Okines, A. F. C., Chau, I., & Cunningham, D. (2007) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.8.16.2851 · Cited by 4
“Although there is a considerable amount of international controversy in the role of adding anthracycline to CF, the Cochrane meta-analysis did demonstrate a statistically significant benefit in OS of 5-FU/cisplatin/anthracycline versus CF combinations [1] with a weighted mean average survival gain of ∼ 2 months in fav…”
BackgroundInfluential
Recent Advances in Chemotherapy of Gastric Cancer
Park, S. H., & Lee, S. I. (2012) · Korean Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3904/kjm.2012.82.4.417 · Cited by 4
“국내에서도 ECX 와 XP를 직접 비교한 연구가 시행된 바 있는데 두 항암요법 사이에 효과의 차이는 관찰되지 않았고(Fig.”
Influential
The role of biologics in stomach cancer
Lordick, F., Schulze, T., & Jäger, D. (2008) · Targeted Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11523-008-0078-5 · Cited by 4
“But studies comparing chemotherapy plus best supportive care against best supportive care alone in advanced disease have shown that chemotherapy does prolong survival and improve quality of life [1].”
Background
Intensive weekly chemotherapy with docetaxel, epirubicin and carboplatin with G-CSF support in patients with advanced gastric cancer
Makatsoris, T., Papakostas, P., Kalofonos, H. P., Xanthakis, I., Tsavdaridis, D., Aravantinos, G., Gogas, H. J., Klouvas, G. D., Kosmidis, P., Pectasides, D. G., et al. (2007) · Medical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12032-007-0004-1 · Cited by 4
“In advanced disease the role of chemotherapy has been controversial, but in a recent meta-analysis a significant survival benefit for combination chemotherapy has been shown, when compared with best supportive care [ 3 ].”
Result
Targeting metastatic upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas
Spratlin, J. L. (2011) · World Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.5306/wjco.v2.i3.135 · Cited by 4
Salvage chemotherapy of biweekly irinotecan plus S-1 (biweekly IRIS) in previously treated patients with advanced gastric cancer
Chon, H. J., Rha, S. Y., Park, H. S., Shin, S. J., Kim, H. S., Roh, J. K., Noh, S. H., Chung, H. C., & Jeung, H. (2011) · Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00280-011-1560-9 · Cited by 4
“Recently, a systematic review suggested irinotecan/5-FU be an appropriate alternative to 5-FU/cisplatin, with a moderate survival benefit and more favorable toxicity profiles [12].”
Background
Can GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms predict clinical outcomes of chemotherapy in gastric and colorectal cancers? A result based on the previous reports
Shi, W., Liu, H., Zhao, L., Dai, D., Gao, J., & Kong, X. (2016) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s105158 · Cited by 4
“Palliative, neoadjuvant, and adjuvant chemotherapy have been widely used for gastrointestinal cancers.(5) Up to now, 5-fluropyrimidines, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and monoclonal antibodies such as cetuximab, panitumumab, and bevacizumab are the most common drugs for gastrointestinal cancers in chemotherapy.”
Combined Taxane-Based Chemotherapy and Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy with Simultaneous Integrated Boost for Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma
Spatola, C., Tocco, A., Pagana, A., Milazzotto, R., Luigi, R., Salamone, V., Militello, C., Migliore, M., Foti, P. V., Cataldo, A. D., et al. (2018) · Future Oncology · doi:10.2217/fon-2017-0342 · Cited by 4
Genomic variants in Fas-mediated apoptosis pathway predict a poor response to Platinum-based Chemotherapy for Chinese Gastric Cancer Patients
Zhao, T., Li, W., Chen, J., & Qin, W. (2020) · Journal of Cancer · doi:10.7150/jca.48120 · Cited by 4
“Surgery is the main treatment for GC patients, but two thirds of GC patients recur after curative resection [4].”
Background
Testing Adaptive Therapy Protocols using Gemcitabine and Capecitabine on a Mouse Model of Endocrine-Resistant Breast CancerPreprint
Seyedi, S., Teo, R., Foster, L., Saha, D. K., Mina, L. A., Northfelt, D., Anderson, K. S., Shibata, D. K., Gatenby, R. A., Cisneros, L. H., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.09.18.558136 · Cited by 4
Clinicopathological features and survival outcomes for gastric adenocarcinoma: Real-world single-center data
Charles, L., Elangovan, A., Nisha, Y., Jafa, E., Kate, V., Selvarajan, S., Kayal, S., Ganesh, R. N., Dubashi, B., Penumadu, P., et al. (2023) · Indian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s12664-023-01455-4 · Cited by 3
“Locally advanced inoperable and metastatic patients are best treated with systemic chemotherapy after considering the comorbidity, performance status and serum chemistry values [27–29].”
Chemotherapy for gastric cancer patients – time for personalization in medicine?
Nowara, E., Boratyn-Nowicka, A., Polakiewicz-Gilowska, A., Drosik, A., Kustra, M., & Huszno, J. (2012) · Współczesna Onkologia · doi:10.5114/wo.2012.27342 · Cited by 3
“Overall, the trials involved 1472 patients [2].”
Background
The potential of mRNA expression evaluation in predicting HER2 positivity in gastroesophageal cancer
de Oliveira, I. M., Nicolau‐Neto, P., Fernandes, P. V., Lavigne, T. S., Neves, P. F., Tobar, J. C., Soares‐Lima, S. C., Simão, T. D. A., & Pinto, L. F. R. (2022) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/1414-431x2022e12428 · Cited by 3
Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with paclitaxel-based chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment in HER2-negative advanced gastric cancer: result of a multicenter retrospective study
Fang, Y., Zhao, Y., Yu, X., Liu, S., Tao, G., Zhong, H., Xiang, H., Yang, Y., & Shi, Z. Q. (2024) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology · doi:10.21037/jgo-23-814 · Cited by 3
“Median survival for patients using chemotherapy alone is generally less than 1 year (4).”
Background
Second-line chemotherapy with paclitaxel and doxifluridine after failure of S-1 in elderly patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric cancer
Yakabe, T., Noshirο, H., Ikeda, O., Miyoshi, A., Kitajima, Y., & Satoh, S. (2011) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-011-1025-x · Cited by 3
“For such patients, it seems that systemic chemotherapy allows a better quality of life and survival benefits compared with best support care alone (Begg and Carbone 1983; Glimelius et al. 1997; Wagner et al. 2006).”
Background
Efficacy and Tolerability of Weekly Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Gastric Cancer Patients with ECOG Performance Scores of 1 and 2
Türkeli, M., Aldemir, M. N., Çayır, K., Şimşek, M., Bilici, M., Tekin, S. B., Yıldırım, N., Bilen, N., & Makas, I. (2015) · Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.3.985 · Cited by 3
“The advantage of combination treatments against single agent treatments in advanced stage gastric cancer patients is recently popular (Wagner et al., 2006).”
Background
Targeting the PI3K/AKT Pathway for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer
(2014) · Chemotherapy Open access · doi:10.4172/2167-7700.1000126 · Cited by 3
Gastric cancer: toward a cisplatin-free disease?
Petrelli, F., Barni, S., Cascinu, S., & Zaniboni, A. (2014) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2014.022 · Cited by 3
“In 2006, a meta-analysis of advanced GC (6), published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, established the role of multidrug combinations (triplets) including CDDP, compared to two-drug combinations with significant survival benefit [hazard ratio (HR) for survival 0.”
Background
The role of bacteria in the treatment of cancer: A comprehensive review
Khadem, E., Nafari, A., Safarzadeh, A., Jozaei, R. F., Almasian, M., & Elyasi, H. (2020) · Plant Biotechnology Persa · doi:10.29252/pbp.2.1.26 · Cited by 3
“There are several treatment methods for cancer based on the type, location and stage of the cancer [20, 21] such as photodynamic therapy [22], surgery [23], chemotherapy [24], hormonal therapy [25], and immunotherapy [26].”
Method
Trifluridine/Tipiracil in the Real-World Management of Metastatic Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancers in Canada
Ding, P. Q., Dolley, A., & Cheung, W. Y. (2022) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3390/curroncol30010011 · Cited by 4
Clinical Complete Response from Chemotherapy in an Elderly Patient with Metastatic Gastric Cancer: A Case Report
Kawagoe, T., Maruki, Y., Nagoya, H., Kosugi, Y., Akimoto, T., Yamawaki, H., Kodaka, Y., Shimpuku, M., Ueki, N., Futagami, S., et al. (2016) · Journal of Nippon Medical School · doi:10.1272/jnms.83.199 · Cited by 3
Outcomes with Palliative Weekly Paclitaxel in Advanced, Recurrent, and Metastatic Esophageal Cancer - Real World Experience
Joshi, A., Noronha, V., Pandey, A., Patil, V., Samar, A. K., Mahajan, A., Janu, A., & Prabhash, K. (2018) · Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology · doi:10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_39_17 · Cited by 3
Should S-1 be better than capecitabine for patients with advanced gastric cancer in Asia? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ye, Z., Chen, J., Rao, Y., & Yang, W. (2018) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s187815 · Cited by 3
Anti-proliferative Properties of p-Coumaric Acid in SNU-16 Gastric Cancer Cells
Jang, M. G., 고희철, & Kim, S. (2019) · Cited by 3
Recommendations on current approach to gastric cancer
Rivera, F., Carrato, A., Grávalos, C., Pericay, C., Sastre, J., & Aranda, E. (2009) · Clinical & Translational Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12094-009-0396-9 · Cited by 3
Prognostic Biomarkers and Targeted Therapy in Gastric Cancer: Reply
Galizia, G., Lieto, E., Orditura, M., Castellano, P., Mura, A. L., Imperatore, V., Pinto, M., Zamboli, A. G. I., Vita, F. D., & Ferraraccio, F. (2008) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-007-9335-5 · Cited by 3
“Thus, controversy still exists about the best management of gastric cancer [ 14 ].”
Quimiorradioterapia adyuvante en el cáncer gástrico resecado con intención curativa: Análisis de supervivencia y toxicidad de pacientes tratados entre 1995 y 2003 en el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Chile
Müller, B., Balbontín, P., Cárcamo, M., Trujillo, C., Becerra, S., Solá, A., Rodrigo Neveu, C., Fernández, R., Buchholtz, M., Villanueva, L., et al. (2009) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872009000500008 · Cited by 3
Sequential chemotherapy with dose-dense docetaxel, cisplatin, folinic acid and 5-fluorouracil (TCF-dd) followed by combination of oxaliplatin, folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan (COFFI) in metastatic gastric cancer: results of a phase II trial
Chiesa, M. D., Tomasello, G., Buti, S., Rovere, R. K., Brighenti, M., Lazzarelli, S., Donati, G., & Passalacqua, R. (2010) · Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00280-010-1281-5 · Cited by 3
“Many cytotoxic agents, such as platinum compounds, anthracyclines, Xuoropyrimidines, taxanes and irinotecan, in various combinations, have demonstrated signiWcant eYcacy in patients with metastatic gastric cancer, regarding disease free and overall survival [4–12].”
Background
Comparison the efficacy of second-line modified EOX (epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine) and irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFIRI) regimens in metastatic gastric cancer patients that progressed on first-line modified docetaxel and cisplatin plus fluorouracil (DCF) regimen
Şendur, M. A. N., Özdemir, N., Özatlı, T., Yazıcı, O., Aksoy, S., Ekinci, A. Ş., Yazılıtaş, D., Günaydın, Y., Öksüzoğlu, B. Ç., Beneklı, M., et al. (2014) · Medical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12032-014-0153-y · Cited by 3
“A meta-analyses showed significant survival advantage with palliative chemotherapy especially with three drug combination [8].”
A Phase II Study of Leucovorin, 5-FU and Docetaxel Combination Chemotherapy in Patients with Inoperable or Postoperative Relapsed Gastric Cancer
Lee, K., Lee, H.-Y., Park, E.-K., Jang, J.-S., & Lee, S. J. (2008) · Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.4143/crt.2008.40.1.11 · Cited by 3
“In inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer patients, palliative chemotherapy has been proven to improve survival by recent meta-analysis, nonetheless, the types of standard therapy are controversial (3).”
Background
A phase 2 study of fluorouracil/leucovorin in combination with paclitaxel and oxaliplatin as a salvage treatment in patients with refractory or relapsed advanced gastric cancer
Lin, R., Fan, N., Wu, G., Chen, Y., Guo, Z., Wang, X., Jin, F., Chen, L., & Liu, J. (2014) · Journal of Chemotherapy · doi:10.1179/1973947814y.0000000198 · Cited by 3
Impact of the availability of active cytotoxic agents on the survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer
Cho, B. H., Han, H. S., Kwon, J., Han, J., Yoon, S. M., Kim, D. H., Yun, H. Y., Lee, K. H., Youn, S. J., & Kim, S. T. (2015) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2015.3564 · Cited by 3
“It has been reported that chemotherapy improves the survival of AGC patients in comparison to best supportive care, and it has also been reported that combination chemotherapy is superior to monotherapy in terms of survival, response rate and symptom control (5).”
A Case of Gingival Candidiasis with Bone Destruction on Gastric Cancer Patient Receiving Cytotoxic Chemotherapy
Lim, S., Kil, T.-J., Kim, H. R., Han, S., & Rha, S. Y. (2014) · Case Reports in Oncological Medicine · doi:10.1155/2014/145394 · Cited by 3
“Therefore, chemotherapy induced toxicity should be well balanced with its efficacy [4].”
Background
Efficacy and Safety of FOLFIRI after Failure of FOLFOX-4 in Advanced Gastric Cancer
Kwon, H. J., Park, M. I., Park, S. J., Moon, W., Kim, S. E., Lee, H. W., Choi, Y. J., & Kim, J. H. (2015) · Korean Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.4166/kjg.2015.66.1.10 · Cited by 3
“현재 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)와 plantinum 병합요법이 1차 항암치료 요 법으로 널리 이용되고 있다.(7-9)”
Phase I study of docetaxel, cisplatin and concurrent radiotherapy for locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma
Xing, L., LU, H., ZHANG, J., Yu, J., WANG, F., Xiao, Y., Yu, H., & XIA, L. (2012) · Neoplasma · doi:10.4149/neo_2012_048 · Cited by 3
“Several new active agents and regimens have been studied for gastric carcinoma to improve the responses and survival [5].”
Background
Retrospective analysis of patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer in Colombia
Novick, D., Leonardi, F., Pen, D. L. K., Restrepo, M. E. M., Avendaño, C., Siddi, S., Moneta, M. V., Haro, J. M., & Velásquez, J. C. (2019) · Journal of Medical Economics · doi:10.1080/13696998.2019.1617161 · Cited by 3

Authors: Wagner, A. D., Grothe, W., Haerting, J., Kleber, G., Grothey, A., & Fleig, W. E.
Affiliations: From the First Department of Medicine, Coordinating Centre for Clinical Trials, Department of Medicine IV, and Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany; and Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
Mayo Clinic (US)
Venue: Journal of Clinical Oncology
Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Published: 2006-06-20
Volume: 24
Issue: 18
Pages: 2903-2909
ISSN: 0732-183X (ISSN-L)
1527-7755
DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.05.0245
OpenAlex: W2145390243
Cited by: 1,171
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 89 · 2016: 72 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 105 · 2013: 92 · 2012: 77
FWCI: 9.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Clinical Oncology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: American Society of Clinical Oncology
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01GH0105)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Intraperitoneal and Appendiceal Malignancies
Keywords: advanced gastric cancer, first-line chemotherapy, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, anthracyclines, irinotecan, combination chemotherapy, overall survival, best supportive care, epirubicin, chemotherapy toxicity
MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Humans, Stomach Neoplasms

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Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Aggregate Data

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