The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Statistical Rethinking: A Bayesian Course with Examples in R and Stan
Abstract
Statistical Rethinking: A Bayesian Course with Examples in R and Stan builds your knowledge of and confidence in making inferences from data. Reflecting the need for scripting in today's model-based statistics, the book pushes you to perform step-by-step calculations that are usually automated. This unique computational approach ensures that you understand enough of the details to make reasonable choices and interpretations in your own modeling work. The text presents causal inference and generalized linear multilevel models from a simple Bayesian perspective that builds on information theory and maximum entropy. The core material ranges from the basics of regression to advanced multilevel models. It also presents measurement error, missing data, and Gaussian process models for spatial and phylogenetic confounding. The second edition emphasizes the directed acyclic graph (DAG) approach to causal inference, integrating DAGs into many examples. The new edition also contains new material on the design of prior distributions, splines, ordered categorical predictors, social relations models, cross-validation, importance sampling, instrumental variables, and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. It ends with an entirely new chapter that goes beyond generalized linear modeling, showing how domain-specific scientific models can be built into statistical analyses. Features Integrates working code into the main text Illustrates concepts through worked data analysis examples Emphasizes understanding assumptions and how assumptions are reflected in code Offers more detailed explanations of the mathematics in optional sections Presents examples of using the dagitty R package to analyze causal graphs Provides the rethinking R package on the author's website and on GitHub
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“W is modelled as a monotonic ordered predictor 63,64 . Using W as a predictor for Y has two advantages: it (1) controls for sampling discrepancies between the treatment and control groups, and (2) allows for the treatment to differentially affect those with different prior vaccination intents.”
From Measuring the impact of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on vaccination intent in the UK and USA (2021) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“We conducted a Bayesian analysis to gain a probabilistic understanding of the treatment effects, an approach that remains robust even in the case of smaller sample sizes (McElreath 2020).”
From Echoes of AI: Investigating the downstream effects of AI assistants on software maintainability (2026) · cites this paper as McElreath 2020
In the citing paper
“(c) more intuitive uncertainty metrics”
From Effects of Availability, Contingency, and Formulaicity on the Accuracy of English Grammatical Morphemes in Second Language Writing (2022) · cites this paper as McElreath, 2020
In the citing paper
“(b) the full posterior distribution that is more informative than point estimates”
From Effects of Availability, Contingency, and Formulaicity on the Accuracy of English Grammatical Morphemes in Second Language Writing (2022) · cites this paper as McElreath, 2020
In the citing paper
“More generally, in comparison to frequentist analyses, Bayesian methods yield (a) more reliable parameter estimates in complex statistical models such as the ones used in our study”
From Effects of Availability, Contingency, and Formulaicity on the Accuracy of English Grammatical Morphemes in Second Language Writing (2022) · cites this paper as McElreath, 2020
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,001
Good Data Science Practice: Moving Toward a Code of Practice for Drug Development
Baillie, M., Moloney, C., Mueller, C. P., Dorn, J. F., Branson, J., & Ohlssen, D. I. (2022) · Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1080/19466315.2022.2063172 · Cited by 7
An investigation of functional relations between speech rate and phonetic variables
Kim, S.-E., & Tilsen, S. (2022) · Journal of Phonetics · doi:10.1016/j.wocn.2022.101152 · Cited by 7
The Effectiveness of Shoulder Mobility and Strength Programs in Competitive Water-Polo Players
López‐Laval, I., Sitko, S., Cantonero, J., et al. (2022) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12050758 · Cited by 7
Market integration and cooperative resource harvesting among kin, clan, and neighbors in rural China
Brown, M., & Ready, E. (2022) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-13601-270417 · Cited by 7
If the face fits: predicting future promotions from police cadets’ facial traits
Adams, I. T., Mourtgos, S. M., Simon, C. A., & Lovrich, N. P. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-023-09554-0 · Cited by 7
Moral Messaging: Testing a Framing Technique during a Pandemic
Misiak, M., Curry, O. S., & Tureček, P. (2023) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2023.2174868 · Cited by 7
Bonnell, T. R., Vilette, C., Henzi, S. P., et al. (2023) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-023-03300-2 · Cited by 7
Özsoy, O., & Blum, F. (2023) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716423000267 · Cited by 11
Maier, M., Caviola, L., Schubert, S., & Harris, A. J. L. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.2335 · Cited by 13
Jin, R., Le, T.-T., Nguyen, M., & Vuong, Q. (2023) · European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe13070094 · Cited by 8
Skyhooks, Cranes, and the Construct Dump: A Comment on and Extension of Boster (2023)
Schmälzle, R., & Huskey, R. (2023) · Asian Communication Research · doi:10.20879/acr.2023.20.016 · Cited by 7
Straube, E., Neumann, H., Wisshak, M., Mathes, G., & Teichert, S. (2024) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-024-02788-y · Cited by 7
Vaughan, D., Auty, D., Dahlen, J., et al. (2020) · Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1093/forestry/cpaa030 · Cited by 7
Bowles, E., Marin, K., Macleod, P., & Fraser, D. (2020) · Evolutionary Applications · doi:10.1111/eva.13146 · Cited by 3
Psychological Distress Among Bhutanese Refugees Living in the Northeast Region of the United States
Gautam, R., Rydberg, J., Ho, I. K., Siwakoti, B., Chadbourne, W., & Mawn, B. E. (2021) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/jrs/feab025 · Cited by 7
Talbot, L. A., Webb, L., Ramirez, V., et al. (2021) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usab382 · Cited by 7
Functional Redundancy in Ocean Microbiomes Controls Trait StabilityPreprint
Royalty, T. M., & Steen, A. D. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.06.18.448980 · Cited by 7
Indexing social distance through bodily visual practices in two languages
Brown, L., Hübscher, I., Kim, H., & Winter, B. (2023) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.333.05bro · Cited by 7
Hearing Prosocial Stories Increases Hadza Hunter-Gatherers’ Generosity in an Economic Game
Smith, K. M., Mabulla, I. A., & Apicella, C. L. (2023) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-023-09444-4 · Cited by 6
Özkan, B., Koops, M. M., Türetken, O., & Reijers, H. A. (2023) · Information Systems Management · doi:10.1080/10580530.2023.2286980 · Cited by 11
Verb Vocabulary Supports Event Probability Use in Developmental Language Disorder
Kueser, J. B., Borovsky, A., Deevy, P., Muezzinoglu, M., Outzen, C., & Leonard, L. B. (2024) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2024_jslhr-23-00600 · Cited by 6
Onesti, G., Bellante, F., Lionetti, F., Fasolo, M., & Palumbo, R. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-78562-5 · Cited by 8
Derex, M., Edmiston, P., Lupyan, G., & Mesoudi, A. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2322886121 · Cited by 7
Clark, N. J., Ernest, S. K. M., Senyondo, H., et al. (2025) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.18929 · Cited by 6
Road Mortality Contributes to the Evolution of an Urban–Rural Cline in Squirrel Coat Color
Parlin, A. F., Cosentino, B. J., Lehtinen, R. M., McDonald, J. E., Sinclair, E. C. C., & Gibbs, J. P. (2025) · Evolutionary Applications · doi:10.1111/eva.70109 · Cited by 6
A gentle introduction to Bayesian statistics, with applications to bilingualism research
Veríssimo, J. (2025) · Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism · doi:10.1075/lab.24027.ver · Cited by 6
Dujon, A. M., Biro, P. A., Újvári, B., & Frédéric Thomas, A. (2025) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.250840 · Cited by 6
Asatsa, S., Ringen, E. J., Kapitány, R., Ngaari, S. M., Makunda, J., Gichimu, E. W., & Lew‐Levy, S. (2025) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2025.0213 · Cited by 6
Mede, N. G., Cologna, V., Berger, S., Besley, J. C., Brick, C. A., Joubert, M., Maibach, E. W., Mihelj, S., Орескес, Н., Schäfer, M. S., et al. (2025) · Science Communication · doi:10.1177/10755470251376615 · Cited by 6
Pulsed field vs thermal ablation for atrial fibrillation: A Bayesian meta-analysis
de Queiroga, F. F., Rivera, A., Consoli, L., Albuquerque, A. M., Queiroz, I., Akabane, M. A. C. C., Amador, W. F. O., Barrera, N. I., Giorgi, J. M., de Carvalho, G. D., et al. (2026) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.02.028 · Cited by 7
A Practical Guide to Bayesian Statistics in Laboratory Medicine
Wilkes, E. H. (2022) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvac049 · Cited by 7
Tsirogiannis, G. A., Thomatou, Α.-Α., Psarra, E., Mazarakioti, E. C., Katerinopoulou, K., Zotos, A., Kontogeorgos, A., Patakas, A., & Ladavos, A. K. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12136335 · Cited by 6
Carbone, L., Sampietro, M., Cicognini, A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11195945 · Cited by 6
The relation between wheat, soybean, and hemp acreage: a Bayesian time series analysis
Han, J., & Ng’ombe, J. N. (2023) · Agricultural and Food Economics · doi:10.1186/s40100-023-00242-1 · Cited by 6
Attitudes Toward a Virtual Smoking Cessation Coach: Relationship and Willingness to Continue
Albers, N., Neerincx, M. A., Aretz, N. L., Ali, M., Ekinci, A., & Brinkman, W. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-30933-5_17 · Cited by 6
Belasso, C. J., Cai, Z.-C., Bezgin, G., Pascoal, T., Stevenson, J., Rahmouni, N., Tissot, C., Lussier, F., Rosa-Neto, P., Soucy, J., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1225816 · Cited by 5
Female chimpanzees avoid inbreeding even in the presence of substantial bisexual philopatry
White, L., Städele, V., Amaya, S. R., Langergraber, K., & Vigilant, L. (2024) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.230967 · Cited by 5
Myles, D., Carter, A., Yücel, M., & Bode, S. (2024) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14541 · Cited by 7
High-Throughput Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Matsumura, T., Takahashi, T., Nagata, K., Ando, Y., Yada, A., Thornton, B., & Kuwatani, T. (2024) · ACS Earth and Space Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00067 · Cited by 7
Renne, S. L., Cammelli, M., Santori, I., Tassan-Mangina, M., Samà, L., Ruspi, L., Sicoli, F., Colombo, P., Terracciano, L., Quagliuolo, V., et al. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/50023 · Cited by 7
Trust, social movements, and the state
Fairbrother, M., Penker, M., & Hadler, M. (2024) · Journal of Trust Research · doi:10.1080/21515581.2024.2391385 · Cited by 6
Banh, N. C., Tünnermann, J., Rohlfing, K. J., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1451309 · Cited by 6
Poor hypotheses and research waste in biology: learning from a theory crisis in psychology
Nakagawa, S., Armitage, D. W., Froese, T., Yang, Y., & Lagisz, M. (2025) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02134-w · Cited by 13
Archer, L. C., Kirschhoffer, B., Aars, J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Wildlife Management · doi:10.1002/jwmg.22725 · Cited by 6
Beneficial Spillover Effects of Antipredation Interventions Support Human–Carnivore Coexistence
Salerno, J., Warrier, R., Breck, S. W., et al. (2025) · Conservation Letters · doi:10.1111/conl.13085 · Cited by 6
Chireshe, E., Chifurira, R., Chinhamu, K., Batidzirai, J. M., & Kharsany, A. B. M. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22030446 · Cited by 7
Bayesian evaluation of phage therapy efficacy against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Malik, M. A., Manzoor, S., & Ashraf, J. (2025) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2025.107508 · Cited by 6
Student Log-Data from a Randomized Evaluation of Educational Technology: A Causal Case Study
Sales, A., & Pane, J. F. (2020) · Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness · doi:10.1080/19345747.2020.1823538 · Cited by 9
Progressive tracking: a novel procedure to facilitate manual digitization of videos
Mielke, M., Aerts, P., Ginneken, C. J. V., et al. (2020) · Biology Open · doi:10.1242/bio.055962 · Cited by 6
Digital Pathology During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy: Survey Study
Giaretto, S., Renne, S. L., Rahal, D., Bossi, P., Colombo, P., Spaggiari, P., Manara, S. A. A. M., Sollai, M., Fiamengo, B., Brambilla, T., et al. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/24266 · Cited by 6
Abbasianjahromi, H., Golafshani, E. M., & Aghakarimi, M. (2021) · International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/10803548.2021.1889878 · Cited by 6
Bretfeld, M., Speckman, H. N., Beverly, D. P., & Ewers, B. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Forests and Global Change · doi:10.3389/ffgc.2021.679104 · Cited by 6
Bayesian Modeling of the Equation of State for Liquid Iron in Earth's Outer Core
Matsumura, T., Kuwayama, Y., Ueki, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth · doi:10.1029/2021jb023062 · Cited by 6
Olivier, C., Jaeggi, A. V., Hayes, L. D., & Carsten Schradin, A. (2022) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/eth.13271 · Cited by 6
Schmidt, D., Kahlen, K., Bahr, C., & Friedel, M. (2022) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants11060801 · Cited by 6
From the field into the lab: causal approaches to the evolution of spatial language
Nölle, J., & Spranger, M. (2022) · Linguistics Vanguard · doi:10.1515/lingvan-2020-0007 · Cited by 8
Using network synchrony to identify drivers of social dynamics
Bonnell, T. R., Henzi, S. P., & Barrett, L. (2022) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2022.0537 · Cited by 4
Backes, A. F., Ramos, V., Quinaud, R. T., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191912091 · Cited by 6
Investigating long-term performance of flexible pavement using Bayesian multilevel models
Liang, H., Gong, H., Sun, Y., et al. (2022) · Road Materials and Pavement Design · doi:10.1080/14680629.2022.2117062 · Cited by 6
The impact of market integration on arranged marriages in Matlab, Bangladesh
Schaffnit, S. B., Page, A. E., Lynch, R., et al. (2022) · Evolutionary Human Sciences · doi:10.1017/ehs.2022.54 · Cited by 6
Testing bird-driven diurnal trade-offs of the moon moth's anti-bat tail
Rubin, J. J., Martin, N. W., Sieving, K. E., et al. (2023) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2022.0428 · Cited by 6
McGuire, F. H., Goldbach, J. T., Senese, J., Cabrera, J. R., Schrager, S. M., & Duncan, A. E. (2023) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.02.007 · Cited by 5
Marques, G. L., Albuquerque, A. M., Romaniello, G., Bozzi, F. P. L., da Cunha, G. P., Andraus, G. S., Hastreiter, G., Maniesi, B. D. P., Baena, C. P., & Guedes, M. H. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1040936 · Cited by 6
Broeren, T., & Klein, K. G. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.3847/1538-4365/acc6c7 · Cited by 6
Coarse woody debris accelerates the decomposition of deadwood inputs across temperate forest
Bradford, M. A., Veen, G. F., Bradford, E. M., Covey, K., Crowther, T. W., Fields, N., Frankson, P. T., González-Rivero, J., Jevon, F. V., Kuebbing, S. E., et al. (2023) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-023-01045-8 · Cited by 7
Children seek help based on how others learn
Bridgers, S., Simone, C. D., Gweon, H., & Ruggeri, A. (2023) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13926 · Cited by 7
Habtewold, T. D., Hao, J., Liemburg, E. J., Baştürk, N., Bruggeman, R., & Alizadeh, B. Z. (2023) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm13060954 · Cited by 6
Lindner, M., Ramakers, J. J. C., Verhagen, I., et al. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.ade6350 · Cited by 6
Socio‐ecological interactions promote outbreaks of a harmful invasive plant in an urban landscape
Caughlin, T. T., Clark, M., Jochems, L. W., et al. (2023) · Ecological Solutions and Evidence · doi:10.1002/2688-8319.12247 · Cited by 6
Scherbak, N. N., Kruse, R., Nyström, T., & JENDLE, J. H. (2023) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2022.0342 · Cited by 7
Global investigation of lake habitat coupling by fishes
Stiling, R. R., Olden, J. D., Boulêtreau, S., Cucherousset, J., & Holtgrieve, G. W. (2023) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-023-05424-8 · Cited by 6
Gonzales, W. D. W. (2023) · Asian Englishes · doi:10.1080/13488678.2023.2251771 · Cited by 7
Long‐term biocrust responses to wildfires in Washington, USA
Root, H. T., Chan, J., Ponzetti, J. M., Pyke, D. A., & McCune, B. (2023) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.1002/ajb2.16261 · Cited by 6
Pereg, M., Hertz, U., Ben-Artzi, I., & Shahar, N. (2024) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-024-00214-0 · Cited by 11
McFarland, R., Henzi, S. P., Fuller, A., Hetem, R. S., Young, C., & Barrett, L. (2024) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2435.14519 · Cited by 5
Sijabat, R. (2024) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2024.2327134 · Cited by 7
The broken windows theory applies to technical debt
Levén, W., Broman, H., Besker, T., & Torkar, R. (2024) · Empirical Software Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10664-024-10456-6 · Cited by 9
Galvéz-García, G., Albayay, J., Fonseca, F., & Bascour–Sandoval, C. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240627 · Cited by 6
Bayes Factor Model Comparisons Across Parameter Values for Mixed Models
Linde, M., & van Ravenzwaaij, D. (2021) · Computational Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1007/s42113-021-00117-y · Cited by 6
Winter, S. N., Kirchgessner, M. S., Frimpong, E. A., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.698767 · Cited by 6
Cheng, X., Long, R., & Wu, F. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19074305 · Cited by 6
Lexical access in Portuguese stress
Garcia, G. D., & Guzzo, N. B. (2022) · Journal of Portuguese Linguistics · doi:10.16995/jpl.8188 · Cited by 6
Examining Seat Belt Use Habits in Wyoming: A Bayesian Hierarchical Logit Approach
Nazneen, S., Farid, A., & Ksaibati, K. (2022) · Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · doi:10.1177/03611981221119189 · Cited by 6
Angoh, S. Y. J., Thorsen, N. H., Hofmeester, T. R., Oddén, J., Linnell, J. D. C., & Brainerd, S. M. (2023) · Wildlife Biology · doi:10.1002/wlb3.01113 · Cited by 7
Cultural evolution of emotional expression in 50 years of song lyricsPreprint
Brand, C. O., Acerbi, A., & Mesoudi, A. (2019) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/3j6wx · Cited by 6
Shifts from pulled to pushed range expansions caused by reduction of landscape connectivityPreprint
Dahirel, M., Bertin, A., Haond, M., Blin, A., Lombaert, É., Calcagno, V., Fellous, S., Mailleret, L., Malausa, T., & Vercken, E. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.05.13.092775 · Cited by 9
Being specific about generalisability
Atkinson, Q. D., Claessens, S., Fischer, K., et al. (2022) · Religion Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2022.2070251 · Cited by 6
Primate Social Organization Evolved from a Flexible Pair-Living AncestorPreprint
Olivier, C., Martin, J. S., Pilisi, C., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.08.29.505776 · Cited by 6
Bayesian hierarchical modeling of size spectraPreprint
Wesner, J. S., Pomeranz, J. P. F., Junker, J. R., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.02.14.528491 · Cited by 6
Sui, C., Yen, M.-H., & Chang, C. (2023) · doi:10.35542/osf.io/hda78 · Cited by 7
Garfield, Z. H., & Hagen, E. H. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/gxh92 · Cited by 6
Lelieur, R., Espejo, J. M. R., Vanhoof, J., & Clycq, N. (2024) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2024.102350 · Cited by 5
Effects of the Flying Start on Estimated Short Sprint Profiles Using Timing Gates
Jovanović, M., Čabarkapa, D., Andersson, H., et al. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24092894 · Cited by 5
Ribeiro, L., Devogel, M., Grissot, A., Kidawa, D., Jakubas, D., Syposz, M., & Wojczulanis‐Jakubas, K. (2024) · The Auk · doi:10.1093/ornithology/ukae036 · Cited by 4
An Integrated 3D Eye-Gaze Tracking Framework for Assessing Trust in Human–Robot Interaction
Quesada, R. C., Casado, F. E., & Demiris, Y. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction · doi:10.1145/3725861 · Cited by 6
Guo, M., Ikink, I., Roelofs, K., & Figner, B. (2025) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-025-02709-2 · Cited by 6
Causality and ability beliefs: An introduction to confounders and colliders
Al‐Hoorie, A. H., & Hiver, P. V. (2025) · Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.14746/ssllt.48231 · Cited by 8
Smith, K. M., Stibbard‐Hawkes, D. N. E., Dimant, E., Mabulla, I. A., Bicchieri, C., & Apicella, C. L. (2026) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf328 · Cited by 5
do Valle, D. R., Mintz, J., & Brack, I. V. (2024) · Ecology · doi:10.1002/ecy.4256 · Cited by 8
Jurov, I., & Demšar, J. (2024) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-024-05013-5 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- McElreath, R.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (DE)
- Corresponding author
- McElreath, Richard
- ORCID
- McElreath, Richard
- Venue
- Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks
- Publisher
- Chapman and Hall/CRC
- Published
- 2020-03-13
- OpenAlex
- W4232976691
- Cited by
- 1,959
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 297 · 2025: 385 · 2024: 325 · 2023: 317 · 2022: 268 · 2021: 223 · 2020: 96
- FWCI
- 101.46
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Data Analysis with R
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Markov Chains and Monte Carlo Methods
- Keywords
- Bayesian inference, causal inference, directed acyclic graphs, maximum entropy, information theory, measurement error, missing data, Gaussian processes, spatial confounding, splines, social relations model, cross-validation, importance sampling, instrumental variables, Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, Stan, R
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
