The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Linear Mixed Models: A Practical Guide Using Statistical Software
Abstract
Simplifying the often confusing array of software programs for fitting linear mixed models (LMMs), Linear Mixed Models: A Practical Guide Using Statistical Software provides a basic introduction to primary concepts, notation, software implementation, model interpretation, and visualization of clustered and longitudinal data. This easy-to-nav
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Marginal models estimate the regression coefficients in repeated measures studies with unbalanced data using maximum likelihood estimation, making use of the incomplete data in a way that does not bias the parameter estimates [24].”
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 302
Aliaga-Leyton, A., Friendship, R. M., Dewey, C. E., et al. (2011) · Journal of Swine Health and Production · doi:10.54846/jshap/670 · Cited by 7
Wilkens, J. F., Huth, F., Berger, U., et al. (2018) · Wetlands Ecology and Management · doi:10.1007/s11273-018-9609-8 · Cited by 7
Independent slab‐phase modulation combined with parallel imaging in bilateral breast MRI
Han, M., Beatty, P. J., Daniel, B. L., et al. (2009) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.22115 · Cited by 7
González, A., Rozenman, M. S., Goger, P., & Velasco, S. E. (2023) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2023.2235283 · Cited by 6
Applied regression analysis of correlations for correlated data
Hu, J., Chen, Y., Leng, C., et al. (2024) · The Annals of Applied Statistics · doi:10.1214/23-aoas1785 · Cited by 6
Toson, M., Mughini‐Gras, L., Capello, K., et al. (2015) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0527-1 · Cited by 6
Friedman, M., & Schillewaert, N. (2012) · The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice · doi:10.2753/mtp1069-6679200402 · Cited by 6
Checking Response-Time Properties of Web-Service Applications Under Stochastic User Profiles
Schumi, R., Lang, P., Aichernig, B. K., et al. (2017) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67549-7_18 · Cited by 6
Los efectos del Tratado de Libre Comercio con Estados Unidos y los precios del maíz colombiano
González, J. T., Cárdenas, M. V., & Salazar, J. C. (2018) · APUNTES DEL CENES · doi:10.19053/01203053.v37.n65.2018.5988 · Cited by 6
Brown, S., Carbone, J. T., Hicks, L. M., Saini, E. K., Panisch, L. S., & Dayton, C. J. (2023) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-023-00555-1 · Cited by 7
Deguire, F., López‐Arango, G., Knoth, I. S., Côté, V., Agbogba, K., & Lippé, S. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-34669-9 · Cited by 6
He, J. X. (2024) · Journal of Great Lakes Research · doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102315 · Cited by 6
Reinhardt, J. D., Ballert, C. S., Fellinghauer, B. A. G., Lötscher, A., Gradinger, F., Hilfiker, R., Graf, S., & Stucki, G. (2010) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2010.500344 · Cited by 6
Atoloye, A. T., Atoloye, I. A., Olasoji, S. O., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1539861 · Cited by 5
El mercado del aguacate en Colombia
Torres-Madronero, M. C., & González, J. T. (2023) · APUNTES DEL CENES · doi:10.19053/01203053.v42.n75.2023.15286 · Cited by 5
Aslam, M. V., Peterson, C., Swedo, E. A., Niolon, P. H., Bacon, S., & Florence, C. (2024) · Injury Prevention · doi:10.1136/ip-2023-044935 · Cited by 5
Automated Feedback Selection for Robot-Assisted Training
Gerig, N., Wolf, P., Sigrist, R., et al. (2017) · Int. J. Comput. Sci. Sport · doi:10.1515/ijcss-2017-0012 · Cited by 5
Haverkamp, N., & Beauducel, A. (2019) · Meta-Psychology · doi:10.15626/mp.2018.898 · Cited by 5
Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models: The lme()Function
Gałecki, A. T., & Burzykowski, T. (2012) · Springer texts in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_14 · Cited by 5
Self-citationMahutga, M. C., & Curran, M. (2022) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/23780231221124581 · Cited by 4
Model Fitness and Predictive Accuracy in Linear Mixed-Effects Models with Latent Clusters
Bello, Y. O., Yahya, W. B., & AbdulRaheem, A. (2023) · Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences · doi:10.46481/jnsps.2023.1437 · Cited by 4
Colletti, C. J. M., Forehand, R., Garai, E., McKee, L. G., Potts, J., Watson, K. H., Champion, J. E., & Compas, B. E. (2010) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-010-9367-6 · Cited by 5
The dominance of haptics over audition in controlling wrist velocity during striking movements
Cao, Y., Giordano, B. L., Avanzini, F., & McAdams, S. E. (2016) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4529-9 · Cited by 4
Luzardo, G., Vyvey, T., Aelterman, J., et al. (2020) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-020-09955-7 · Cited by 4
Do book consumers discriminate against Black, female, or young authors?
Weinberg, D. B., & Kapelner, A. D. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0267537 · Cited by 4
Erdemir, A., Walden, T. A., Tilsen, S., Mefferd, A. S., & Jones, R. M. (2023) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00126 · Cited by 4
Rotejanaprasert, C., Malaphone, V., Mayxay, M., Chindavongsa, K., Banouvong, V., Khamlome, B., Vilay, P., Vanisavaeth, V., & Maude, R. J. (2024) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-024-05064-0 · Cited by 6
Burkhardt, T., Huang, L. A., Herriott, A. L., Pacheco-Applegate, A., & Spielberger, J. (2022) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-022-01461-6 · Cited by 4
Zedlacher, E., & Yanagida, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1161735 · Cited by 7
Diakoloukas, V., Koutopoulis, G., Papadimou, S. G., et al. (2025) · Land · doi:10.3390/land14091743 · Cited by 3
Nonparametric Estimation in Linear Mixed Models with Uncorrelated Homoscedastic Errors
Nguéma, E.-P. N., Nono, B. F., & Gwét, H. (2021) · Open Journal of Statistics · doi:10.4236/ojs.2021.114035 · Cited by 3
Collective bargaining in a shrinking group game: The role of information and communication
Bershadskyy, D., Sachs, F., & Weimann, J. (2023) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.009 · Cited by 3
Kamiş, O., Kurt, M., Blaisdell, R., Macdonald, C., & Nobarı, H. (2024) · Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences · doi:10.54141/psbd.1516188 · Cited by 3
Fine stream wood decreases growth of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta L.)
Enefalk, Å., Huusko, A., Louhi, P., & Bergman, E. (2019) · Environmental Biology of Fishes · doi:10.1007/s10641-019-00869-4 · Cited by 3
Moazami, T. N., & Svendsen, K. (2019) · Annals of Work Exposures and Health · doi:10.1093/annweh/wxz024 · Cited by 4
Jiang, M. Y. W., Kandris, E., Masry, Y. E., Drobny, J., Clare, T. S., & Chen, J. T.-H. (2021) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1080/13284207.2021.1913048 · Cited by 3
Word count as an indicator of suicide risk in an inpatient setting
Corona, C. D., Ellis, T. E., & Jobes, D. A. (2018) · Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic · doi:10.1521/bumc.2018.82.2.115 · Cited by 2
Erango, M. A. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-27120-y · Cited by 2
Leganes‐Fonteneau, M. (2024) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111398 · Cited by 2
Deeb, H., Vrij, A., Palena, N., Hypšová, P., Dib, G., Leal, S., & Mann, S. A. (2024) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716424000298 · Cited by 2
Organizational Controls, Social Ties and Performance in Plural Sourcing
Oshri, I., Lioliou, E., Gerbasi, A., & Zimmermann, A. (2019) · Lecture notes in business information processing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-15850-7_9 · Cited by 2
Improved Equations for the Density Management Diagram Isolines of Ponderosa Pine Stands
Jang, W., Ritchie, M. W., & Zhang, J. (2020) · Forest Science · doi:10.1093/forsci/fxaa034 · Cited by 2
IV.: A NEW CAPRELLID FROM THE BAY OF FUNDY.
B.A., M. B. A. G. H. (1911) · Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries · doi:10.1139/f11-004 · Cited by 2
Fitting Linear Models with Heterogeneous Variance: The gls() Function
Gałecki, A. T., & Burzykowski, T. (2012) · Springer texts in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_8 · Cited by 2
Self-citationLinear Model with Fixed Effects and Correlated Errors
Gałecki, A. T., & Burzykowski, T. (2012) · Springer texts in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_10 · Cited by 2
Self-citationSpatial Dependence and Sampling of Phytoseiid Populations on Hass Avocados in Southern California
Lara, J. R., Amrich, R., Saremi, N. T., et al. (2016) · Environmental Entomology · doi:10.1093/ee/nvw030 · Cited by 2
Efficiency of the EmERGE Pathway of Care in Five European HIV Centres
Beck, E. J., Mandalia, S., Yfantopoulos, P., León, A., Merino, M. J., García, F., Wittevogel, M., Apers, L., Benković, I., Zekan, Š., et al. (2022) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.1007/s40273-022-01193-z · Cited by 1
Iftime, A., Omer, S., Burcea, V.-A., Călinescu, O., & Babeș, R.-M. (2025) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi14080283 · Cited by 1
SII Project: Modeling Gains in Mathematics Achievement-Scores
Gałecki, A. T., & Burzykowski, T. (2012) · Springer texts in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_18 · Cited by 1
Self-citationARMD Trial: Modeling Correlated Errors for Visual Acuity
Gałecki, A. T., & Burzykowski, T. (2012) · Springer texts in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_12 · Cited by 1
Self-citationFitting Linear Models with Fixed Effects and Correlated Errors: The gls() Function
Gałecki, A. T., & Burzykowski, T. (2012) · Springer texts in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_11 · Cited by 1
Self-citationARMD Trial: Linear Model with Heterogeneous Variance
Gałecki, A. T., & Burzykowski, T. (2012) · Springer texts in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_9 · Cited by 1
Self-citationFirestone, J. L., & Jasieniuk, M. (2012) · The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society · doi:10.3159/torrey-d-12-00039.1 · Cited by 1
James, G., Zhou, Y., & Miller, S. L. (2011) · Pharmaceutical Statistics · doi:10.1002/pst.479 · Cited by 1
Durstewitz, D. (2017) · Bernstein series in computational neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59976-2_7 · Cited by 1
Silvah, J. H., de Lima, C. M. M., Brandão, C., Nicoletti, C. F., Pfrimer, K., Wichert‐Ana, L., & Marchini, J. S. (2020) · Nutrire · doi:10.1186/s41110-020-00129-x · Cited by 1
Extensions of theRTools for Linear Mixed-Effects Models
Gałecki, A. T., & Burzykowski, T. (2012) · Springer texts in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_20 · Cited by 1
Self-citationDurstewitz, D. (2017) · Bernstein series in computational neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59976-2_2 · Cited by 1
Astridge, D. J., McKenna, M., Campbell, A., & Turner, A. P. (2022) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541221109150 · Cited by 2
McLoughlin, R., Love, J., Smith, J. G., Scott, W., & Noblet, T. (2023) · British Journal of Pain · doi:10.1177/20494637231202744 · Cited by 1
Hauser, C., Lona, G., Köchli, S., Streese, L., Infanger, D., Faude, O., & Hanssen, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1371618 · Cited by 1
Ideas and approaches towards strengthening the quantitative science for the interprofessional field
Kenaszchuk, C. (2011) · Journal of Interprofessional Care · doi:10.3109/13561820.2011.564458 · Cited by 1
Mero, X. J., Peña, J., Villon, K. V., et al. (2019) · Ecuadorian Science Journal · doi:10.46480/esj.3.1.25 · Cited by 1
Zeitliche Dynamik im Marketing: Neue Verfahren zur Auswertung
Landwehr, J. R., & Herrmann, A. P. (2008) · Marketing Review St Gallen · doi:10.1007/s11621-008-0108-9 · Cited by 1
Laksaniyanon, B. (2015) · doi:10.12794/metadc848155 · Cited by 1
Fitting Linear Models with Homogeneous Variance: The lm() and gls() Functions
Gałecki, A. T., & Burzykowski, T. (2012) · Springer texts in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_5
Self-citationLinear Models with Homogeneous Variance
Gałecki, A. T., & Burzykowski, T. (2012) · Springer texts in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_4
Self-citationPRT Trial: Modeling Muscle Fiber Specific-Force
Gałecki, A. T., & Burzykowski, T. (2012) · Springer texts in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_17
Self-citationEffects of a Motion-Coupled Visual Display on Motion Sickness and Task Performance
Hunter, D. R., Monk, C. A., & Hurwitz, E. N. (2009) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/154193120905302310
Linear Models with Heterogeneous Variance
Gałecki, A. T., & Burzykowski, T. (2012) · Springer texts in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_7
Self-citationExperimental Design in the AHETF Exposure Monitoring Program
Holden, L. R., & Baugher, D. G. (2010) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2010-1047.ch005
Método de combinación de pronósticos usando modelos Bayesianos y una metaheurística, caso de estudio
Higuita-Alzate, D., Cárdenas, M. V., & Correa, J. C. (2018) · DYNA · doi:10.15446/dyna.v85n207.68424
Shiny Tools for Sample Size Calculation in Process Performance Qualification of Large Molecules
Li, Q., & Pikounis, B. (2019) · Springer proceedings in mathematics & statistics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67386-8_6
Hua, J., Dong, J., & Shen, Y. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.09.24.21263136
Horton, N. J., & Kleinman, K. (2015) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/b18151-16
Hothorn, L. A. (2016) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/b19659-12
Kleinman, K., & Horton, N. J. (2014) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/b17117-17
(2009) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420070590.axd
Gałecki, A. T., & Burzykowski, T. (2012) · Springer texts in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_2
Self-citationGałecki, A. T., & Burzykowski, T. (2012) · Springer texts in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_3
Self-citationBrown, H., & Prescott, R. J. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118778210.refs
(2010) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781439827567-b
(2010) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/ebk1439827574-b
Mero, X. J., Peña, J., Villon, K. V., et al. (2019) · Ecuadorian Science Journal · doi:10.46480/ejsri.3.1.25
Gałecki, A. T., & Burzykowski, T. (2012) · Springer texts in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_1
Self-citationARMD Trial: Linear Model with Homogeneous Variance
Gałecki, A. T., & Burzykowski, T. (2012) · Springer texts in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_6
Self-citationPark, J., Hunt, C., Abirgas, K., Bomyea, J. A., & Colvonen, P. J. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4188404
Joining Iso-Structured Models with Commutative Orthogonal Block Structure
Santos, C., Dias, C., Nunes, C., et al. (2023) · WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICS · doi:10.37394/23206.2023.22.64
Salazar, J. C., Mazo-Lopera, M. A., & Morales, J. C. C. (2023) · Revista Colombiana de Estadística · doi:10.15446/rce.v46n2.104019
Namanja, A., Nyondo, D., Banda, T., Mndinda, E., Midgely, A., Hobkirk, J., Carroll, S., & Kumwenda, J. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0297564 · Cited by 1
Riezler, S., & Hagmann, M. (2024) · Synthesis lectures on human language technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57065-0_3 · Cited by 1
WWGbook: Functions and Datasets for WWGbook
Shu Chen, A. G. <. E. (2009) · doi:10.32614/cran.package.wwgbook
Composición de las exportaciones colombianas
Arias, J. A. L., Cárdenas, M. V., Restrepo-Morales, J. A., et al. (2025) · Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas · doi:10.18359/rfce.7136
Rotejanaprasert, C., Malaphone, V., Mayxay, M., Chindavongsa, K., Banouvong, V., Khamlome, B., Vilay, P., Vanisavaeth, V., & Maude, R. J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26493198
Akkese, M. N., Keeler, J. L., Hodsoll, J. P., Ambwani, S., Himmerich, H., Rowlands, K., Cardi, V., & Treasure, J. L. (2025) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-025-01509-2
Chen, Q., Dong, J., Li, H., Chen, Y., Chen, G., & Hua, J. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.01.27.26344915
Umbrella brands and buyer behavior : an empirical investigation in retail markets
Rusu, C.-R. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/31124d8az173az4f1bz896dz769696f495a4
Metadata
- Authors
- West, B. T., Welch, K. B., & Galecki, A. T.
- ORCID
- West, Brady T.
- Venue
- Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks
- Publisher
- Chapman and Hall/CRC
- Published
- 2006-11-22
- OpenAlex
- W4233276628
- Cited by
- 300
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 1.41
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Spatial and Panel Data Analysis
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Agriculture, Soil, Plant Science
- Keywords
- linear mixed models, clustered data, longitudinal data, statistical software, model interpretation, data visualization, random effects
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review