Thin Layer Chromatography in Phytochemistry

Monika Waksmundzka‐Hajnos, Joseph Sherma, Teresa Kowalska·2008·CRC Press eBooks

Cited by (353)

Items 101–200 of 353

  1. Validated HPTLC method for determination of ledol and alloaromadendrene in the essential oil fractions of Rhododendron tomentosum plants and in vitro cultures and bioautography for their activity screening
    Anna Jesionek, Loretta Pobłocka‐Olech, Bożena Zabiegała · 2018 · Journal of Chromatography B
  2. Assessment of alpha glucosidase inhibitors produced from endophytic fungus Alternaria destruens as antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents
    Jasleen Kaur, Preeti Sharma, Rajvir Kaur · 2019 · Molecular Biology Reports
  3. Temperature-controlled micro-TLC: A versatile green chemistry and fast analytical tool for separation and preliminary screening of steroids fraction from biological and environmental samples
    Paweł K. Zarzycki, Magdalena M. Ślączka, Magdalena B. Zarzycka · 2011 · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  4. Bioactivity of Polyacetylenes in Food Plants
    Lars Porskjær Christensen · 2009 · Elsevier eBooks
  5. Larvicidal and growth inhibitory effects of endophytic Aspergillus niger on a polyphagous pest, Spodoptera litura
    Tamanreet Kaur, Jasleen Kaur, Amarjeet Kaur · 2016 · Phytoparasitica
  6. Thin-layer chromatographic quantification of magnolol and honokiol in dietary supplements and selected biological properties of these preparations
    Eliza Łata, Agnieszka Fulczyk, Péter G. Ott · 2020 · Journal of Chromatography A
  7. Agrobacterium rhizogenes -mediated hairy root induction in Taraxacum officinale and analysis of sesquiterpene lactones
    Ayyavu Mahesh, R. Jeyachandran · 2011 · Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology
  8. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activity of extracts obtained from Tabebuia Rosea (Bertol.) DC
    Juan Carlos Arias, Francisco Javier Jiménez-González, Jenny Marcela Vélez-Gómez · 2018 · Pharmacognosy Magazine
  9. Application of hydrophilic interaction TLC systems for separation of highly polar glycosidic compounds from the flowers of selectedVerbascumspecies
    Lukasz M. Ciesla, Michał Hajnos, Monika Waksmundzka‐Hajnos · 2011 · Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC
  10. Review of advances in the thin layer chromatography of pesticides: 2012–2014
    Joseph Sherma · 2015 · Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B
  11. Cytotoxic constituents of Alocasia macrorrhiza
    Marwa Elsbaey, Kadria F.M. Ahmed, Mahmoud Fahmi Elsebai · 2016 · Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C
  12. Total Synthesis of the Sensitive Triyne Natural Product (4S,5S)-4,8-Dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrovernoniyne and All of Its Stereoisomers
    Gujjula V. Ramakrishna, Rodney A. Fernandes · 2019 · Organic Letters
  13. Components and acute toxicity of nanoherbal haramonting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa)
    Putri Cahaya Situmorang, Syafruddin Ilyas, Salomo Hutahaean · 2020 · Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology
  14. Un método simple para aislar licopeno, a partir de Lycopersicon esculentum
    Myong-Kyun Roh, Min-Hee Jeon, Moon Jin-Nam, Moon Woi-Sook, Sun‐Mee Park, Choi Jae-Suk · 2013 · Botanical Sciences
  15. Gastroprotective activity of a pectic polysaccharide fraction obtained from infusion of Sedum dendroideum leaves
    Ana Flávia de Oliveira, Bruna Barbosa da Luz, Maria Fernanda de Paula Werner · 2018 · Phytomedicine
  16. Production of raw starch degrading enzyme by the thermophilic filamentous bacterium Laceyella sacchari LP175 and its application for ethanol production from dried cassava chips
    Thanasak Lomthong, Noppon Lertwattanasakul, Vichien Kitpreechavanich · 2016 · Starch - Stärke
  17. An endophyticPenicillium oxalicumisolated fromCitrus limonpossesses antioxidant and genoprotective potential
    Rajvir Kaur, Jasleen Kaur, M. Kaur · 2019 · Journal of Applied Microbiology
  18. Determination of Synephrine and Octopamine in Bitter Orange Peel by HPTLC with Densitometry
    Eman Shawky · 2013 · Journal of Chromatographic Science
  19. Atheroprotective effects of Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J. F. Macbr. in New Zealand rabbits fed with cholesterol-rich diet
    Lorena Neris Barboza, Francislaine Aparecida dos Reis Lívero, Thiago Bruno Lima Prando · 2016 · Journal of Ethnopharmacology
  20. Modern Methods of Analysis of Carotenoids (Review)
    E. I. Finkel’shtein · 2016 · Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal
  21. Natural preservation opportunities and challenges in improving food safety
    Rifda Naufalin · 2019 · AIP conference proceedings
  22. Antidiabetic activity of fruit pulp of Feronia elephantum Corr.
    Anurag Mishra, Ganesh Prasad Garg · 2011 · Pharmacognosy Journal
  23. A model procedure for the transfer of TLC pharmaceutical product screening methods designed for use in developing countries to quantitative HPTLC-densitometry methods
    C. O'sullivan, J. Sherma · 2012 · Acta Chromatographica
  24. Effects of auxins and different culture systems on the adventitious root development of Passiflora pohlii Mast. and their ability to produce antioxidant compounds
    Mariela J. Simão, Eduardo Nunes da Fonseca, Renata Garcia · 2015 · Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC)
  25. Review of advances in the thin layer chromatography of pesticides: 2006–2008
    Joseph Sherma · 2009 · Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B
  26. Chemical and biological characterization of polysaccharides isolated from Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.
    Daniele Maria Ferreira, Nessana Dartora, Luísa Mota da Silva · 2013 · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
  27. Polycarpol in Unonopsis, Bocageopsis and Onychopetalum Amazonian species: chemosystematical implications and antimicrobial evaluation
    Felipe M. A. da Silva, Bruna Ribeiro de Lima, Elzalina Ribeiro Soares et al. · 2015 · Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia
  28. Multi‐development–HPTLC Method for Quantitation of Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine and their Biosynthetic Precursors in Selected Solanaceae Plants Grown in Natural Conditions and as In Vitro Cultures
    Zbigniew Jaremicz, Maria Łuczkiewicz, Mariusz Kisiel · 2013 · Phytochemical Analysis
  29. Investigation of thyme (Thymus vulgarisL.) essential oil by use of the BioArena system
    Ágnes M. Móricz, Györgyi Horváth, Péter Molnár · 2010 · Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC
  30. Variability of composition of essential oil and coumarin compounds of Angelica archangelica L.
    Anna Forycka, Waldemar Buchwald · 2019 · Herba Polonica
  31. Very high Gravity (VHG) Bioethanol Production Using Modified Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Raw Cassava Chips with Molasses by Kluyveromyces marxianus DMKU-KS07
    Thanasak Lomthong, Pornnapa Netprasom, Netnapha Kancharu · 2020 · Waste and Biomass Valorization
  32. LOW TEMPERATURE PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY–DENSITOMETRY AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM DIFFERENT SAGE (SALVIA) SPECIES
    Mieczysław Sajewicz, Łukasz Wojtal, Dorota Staszek · 2010 · Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies
  33. Modern thin layer chromatography
    Joseph Sherma · 1992 · General Pharmacology The Vascular System
  34. Basic Principles of Planar Chromatography and Its Potential for Hyphenated Techniques
    Tomasz Tuzimski · 2010 · Springer eBooks
  35. Comparison of Components from Red and White Wines for Antimicrobial Activity by Biodetection after OPLC Separation
    Zsuzsa Király-Véghely, Ágnes M. Móricz, Péter G. Ott · 2009 · Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies
  36. Asprellcosides B of Ilex asprella Inhibits Influenza A Virus Infection by Blocking the Hemagglutinin- Mediated Membrane Fusion
    Wen Zhang, Si-Tai Chen, Qiuyan He et al. · 2019 · Frontiers in Microbiology
  37. The Type of Grain Counts: Effectiveness of Three Essential Oil-Based Nanoemulsions against Sitophilus oryzae
    Nickolas G. Kavallieratos, Giulia Bonacucina, Erifili P. Nika et al. · 2023 · Plants
  38. Estimation of antioxidant potential of individual components present in complex mixture ofWithania somnifera(Ashwagandha) root fraction by thin-layer chromatography-2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl method
    Santosh T. Devkar, Suresh Jagtap, Surendra S. Katyare, Mahabaleshwar Vishnu Hegde · 2014 · Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC
  39. Modern Thin-Layer Chromatography
    Joseph Sherma · 2008 · Journal of AOAC International
  40. Method development and validation for optimized separation of quercetin derivatives in selected Potentilla species using high-performance thin-layer chromatography photodensitometry method
    Michał Tomczyk, Agnieszka Bazylko, Jessica Bonarewicz · 2011 · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
  41. Express Analysis of Microalgal Secondary Carotenoids by TLC and UV-Vis Spectroscopy
    Galina S. Minyuk, Alexei E. Solovchenko · 2018 · Methods in molecular biology
  42. Isolation and α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of endophytic fungi from mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) seeds
    R. Ramdanis, Atiek Soemiati, Abdul Mun’im · 2012 · International journal of medicinal and aromatic plants
  43. Regio- and Stereospecific Analysis of Triacylglycerols—A Brief Overview of the Challenges and the Achievements
    Svetlana Momchilova, Boryana Nikolova‐Damyanova · 2022 · Symmetry
  44. Untargeted GC-MS Metabolomics applied to wild leaves and callus produced by plant tissue culture of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.
    Alessandra Carla Guimarães Sobrinho, Rosana Silva Corpes, Kyouk Isabel Portilho dos Santos · 2022 · Arabian Journal of Chemistry
  45. Plant triterpenoid saponins function as susceptibility factors to promote the pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea
    Francisco José Escaray, Amelia Felipo-Benavent, Cristian Javier Antonelli · 2024 · Molecular Plant
  46. Transfer of TLC screening methods designed for use in developing countries to quantitative HPTLC-densitometry methods for diazepam and amodiaquine tablets
    Nevena Popovic, J. Sherma · 2013 · Acta Chromatographica
  47. A screening method for cardiovascular active compounds in marine algae
    Snežana Agatonović-Kuštrin, Ella Kustrin, Michael J. Angove · 2018 · Journal of Chromatography A
  48. Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Studies of Bark of Oroxylum indicum
    Lawania Rahul Dev, Ranjeeta Prasad, Mishra Anurag · 2010 · Pharmacognosy Journal
  49. Chemical fingerprint ofPotentillaspecies by using HPTLC method
    Agnieszka Bazylko, Michał Tomczyk, Aneta Flazińska · 2011 · Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC
  50. Use of the BioArena system for indirect detection of endogenous ozone in spots after TLC or OPLC separation
    Ernő Tyihák, Ágnes M. Móricz, Péter G. Ott · 2008 · Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC
  51. Southern African Soap Plants and Screening of Selected Phytochemicals and Quantitative Analysis of Saponin Content
    Mpho Mohlakoana, Annah Ntsamaeeng Moteetee · 2021 · Resources
  52. Callus cultures of Thymus vulgaris and Trifolium pratense as a source of geroprotectors
    Lyubov Sergeevna Dyshlyuk, Anastasiya Fedorova, Anna Ivanovna Loseva · 2021 · Food Processing Techniques and Technology
  53. Analysis of Dietary Supplements
    Irena Vovk, Vesna Glavnik · 2014 · Elsevier eBooks
  54. Direct Bioautography as a High-Throughput Screening Method for the Detection of Antibacterial Components from Plant Sources
    Ágnes M. Móricz, Péter G. Ott · 2015 · Journal of AOAC International
  55. COMPARISON OF TLC AND HPLC FINGERPRINTS OF PHENOLIC ACIDS AND FLAVONOIDS FRACTIONS DERIVED FROM SELECTED SAGE (SALVIA) SPECIES
    Mieczysław Sajewicz, Dorota Staszek, Monika Waksmundzka‐Hajnos · 2012 · Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies
  56. Potential role of formaldehyde in the mechanism of action of ascorbigens on the basis of BioArena studies
    György Kátay, Péter G. Ott, Edith Kátay · 2008 · Biomedical Chromatography
  57. Conventional and modern bioassays—detection, isolation, identification
    Ágnes M. Móricz, Péter G. Ott · 2016 · Elsevier eBooks
  58. Overpressured Layer Chromatography (OPLC) – A Flexible Tool of Analysis and Isolation
    Emil Mincsovics, Ernő Tyihák · 2011 · Natural Product Communications
  59. Analysis of Plant Material
    Monika Waksmundzka‐Hajnos, Mirosław A. Hawrył, Lukasz M. Ciesla · 2014 · Elsevier eBooks
  60. Valorisation of Ribes nigrum L. Pomace, an Agri-Food By-Product to Design a New Cosmetic Active
    Hortense Plainfossé, Manon Trinel, Grégory Verger-Dubois, Stéphane Azoulay, Pauline Burger, Xavier Fernàndez · 2020 · Cosmetics
  61. Thin‐Layer Chromatography
    Tomasz Tuzimski, Joseph Sherma · 2019 · Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry
  62. Comprehensive Study of Si-Based Compounds in Selected Plants (Pisum sativum L., Medicago sativa L., Triticum aestivum L.)
    Aleksandra Orzoł, Edith Cruzado-Tafur, Adrian Gołębiowski, Agnieszka Rogowska, Paweł Pomastowski, Ryszard J. Górecki, Bogusław Buszewski, Małgorzata Szultka‐Młyńska, Katarzyna Głowacka · 2023 · Molecules
  63. Standardized extract of Dicksonia sellowiana Presl. Hook (Dicksoniaceae) decreases oxidative damage in cultured endothelial cells and in rats
    Yanna Dantas Rattmann, Stelia C. Méndez‐Sánchez, Ana Flávia Furian, Kátia Sabrina Paludo, Lauro Mera de Souza, Nessana Dartora, Mauro Schneider Oliveira, Elisangela Martins da S. Costa, Obdúlio Gomes Miguel, Guilherme Lanzi Sassaki et al. · 2010 · Journal of Ethnopharmacology
  64. Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicological Evaluation of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae).
    R W Wamburu, Patrick Gachoki Kareru, James Mucunu Mbaria · 2013
  65. Direct Measurement of Emission of Endogenous Ozone from Plants by GC–MS-SIM
    József Balla, Ernő Tyihák · 2010 · Chromatographia
  66. Phytochemical investigation and anti-inflammatory potential of Atriplex leucoclada Boiss
    Hayam S. Ahmed, Enas I. A. Mohamed, Elham Amin, Abeer Sayed Moawad, Mohamed Sadek Abdel‐Bakky, Suliman A. Almahmoud, Naglaa Afifi · 2023 · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
  67. Cassava pullulanase and its synergistic debranching action with isoamylase 3 in starch catabolism
    Karan Wangpaiboon, Thanapon Charoenwongpaiboon, Methus Klaewkla · 2023 · Frontiers in Plant Science
  68. Production and development of vinegar fermentation from broken Riceberry rice using raw starch-degrading enzyme hydrolysis
    Nujarin Sangngern, Thidarat Puangnark, Watsachon Nguansangiam · 2020 · 3 Biotech
  69. Low-temperature TLC-MS of essential oils from five different sage(Salvia)species
    Mieczysław Sajewicz, Łukasz Wojtal, Michał Hajnos · 2010 · Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC
  70. MARKER FINGERPRINTS ORIGINATING FROM TLC AND HPLC FOR SELECTED PLANTS FROM THELAMIACEAEFAMILY
    Dorota Staszek, Marta Orłowska, Monika Waksmundzka‐Hajnos · 2013 · Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies
  71. Impact of Plant Symbiotic Endophytic Fungus, Aspergillus terreus on Insect Herbivore Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
    Surbjit Singh, Sanehdeep Kaur, Rajvir Kaur · 2023 · Neotropical Entomology
  72. Thin-Layer Chromatography Profiles of Non-Commercial Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Products Obtained via Partial Hydrothermal Hydrolysis
    Ádina L. Santana, M. Angela, A. Meireles · 2016 · Food and public health
  73. TLC-MS VERSUS TLC-LC-MS FINGERPRINTS OF HERBAL EXTRACTS. PART I. ESSENTIAL OILS
    Mieczysław Sajewicz, Łukasz Wojtal, Maja Natić · 2011 · Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies
  74. Facile synthesis and structural characterization of μ4-oxo tetrazinc clusters of beyerenoic and kaurenoic acids
    Mario A. Gómez‐Hurtado, Karina Nava-Andrade, Ana K. Villagómez‐Guzmán · 2017 · Tetrahedron Letters
  75. Unexpected differences between planar and column liquid chromatographic retention of 1-acenaphthenol enantiomers controlled by supramolecular interactions involving β-cyclodextrin at subambient temperatures
    Hatsuichi Ohta, Elżbieta Włodarczyk, Krzysztof Piaskowski · 2017 · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
  76. A Catalytic Asymmetric Protecting-Group-Free Total Synthesis of (4S,5S)-4,8-Dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrovernoniyne and Its Enantiomer
    Gujjula V. Ramakrishna, Rodney A. Fernandes · 2019 · The Journal of Organic Chemistry
  77. GC-MS study of the performance of different techniques for isolating the volatile fraction from sage (SalviaL.) species, and comparison of seasonal differences in the composition of this fraction
    Mieczysław Sajewicz, Józef Rzepa, Michał Hajnos · 2009 · Acta Chromatographica
  78. Simultaneous identification of rutin, chlorogenic acid and gallic acid in Moringa oleifera by densitometric high-performance thin-layer chromatography method
    Pravej Alam, Prawez Alam, Prawez Alam · 2020 · Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC
  79. A systematic approach for authentication of medicinal Patrinia species using an integration of morphological, chemical and molecular methods
    Kwan-Ho Wong, Tao Zheng, Grace Gar‐Lee Yue et al. · 2024 · Scientific Reports
  80. Cytotoxic effects of a triterpene‐enriched fraction of Cecropia pachystachya on the human hormone-refractory prostate cancer PC3 cell line
    Henrique Herbst Rosa, Pâmela de Carvalho, Caroline Flach Ortmann · 2020 · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
  81. High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography: Excellent Automation
    Dilip Charegaonkar · 2010 · Springer eBooks
  82. Screening of α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of some Indonesian medicinal plants
    Abdul Mun’im, Katrin, Azizahwati Azizahwati · 2013 · International journal of medicinal and aromatic plants
  83. The application of high resolution diffusion NMR for the characterisation and quantification of small molecules in saliva/dentifrice slurries
    Adam Le Gresley, E.A. Simpson, Alex J. Sinclair · 2015 · Analytical Methods
  84. Review of advances in the thin layer chromatography of pesticides: 2008–2010
    Joseph Sherma · 2011 · Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B
  85. Phytochemistry by design: a case study of the chemical composition of Ocotea guianensis optimized extracts focused on untargeted metabolomics analysis
    Ananda da Silva Antonio, Ana Tayná Chaves Aguiar, Gustavo Ramalho Cardoso dos Santos · 2020 · RSC Advances
  86. SKRINING FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NANGKA (Artocarpus heterophyllus) DAN AKTIFITAS ANTIOKSIDANNYA TERHADAP [2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)] (ABTS)
    Muhammad Raihan, Naufal Taqwa, Absari Hanifah · 2020 · Majalah Farmasi dan Farmakologi
  87. Dealing with charged-coupled device noise in thin-layer videodensitometry. Optimization of several image-denoising techniques
    Łukasz Komsta · 2009 · Acta Chromatographica
  88. Centrifugal layer chromatography — Rotation planar chromatography
    Ágnes M. Móricz, Huba Kalász · 2010 · Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC
  89. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies for chemical analysis of Euodiae fructus: A review
    Hongmin Xia, Yanpeng Dai, Chengxin Zhao · 2022 · Phytochemical Analysis
  90. BMD-TLC — the useful technique for quantitative analysis of chelidonine, chelerithrine and berberine in herbal drugs
    Piotr Migas, Magdalena Heyka, Loretta Pobłocka‐Olech · 2012 · Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC
  91. Plant Derived Compounds Having Activity against P388 and L1210 Leukemia Cells
    JR Patel, B Choubisa · 2011 · Chemical Sciences Journal
  92. Essential oils: the review of the methods for determining the authenticity and detecting adulteration
    Ирина Викторовна Лапко, Yu. B. Aksenova, O. V. Kuznecova · 2019 · Analitika i kontrolʹ
  93. Preliminary investigation ofOriganum onitesessential oil by overpressured layer chromatography and BioArena
    Emil Mincsovics, Nurhayat Tabanca, Ágnes M. Móricz · 2010 · Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC
  94. A bioassay-guided fractionation scheme for characterization of new antibacterial compounds from Prosopis cineraria aerial parts.
    Mahdieh Neghabi-Hajiagha, Atousa Aliahmadi, Mohammad Reza Taheri · 2016 · PubMed
  95. Assessment of secondary metabolite profile and quantification method development for Lupeol and Caffeic acid by HPTLC in Avicennia marina pneumatophore roots
    Vinars Dawane, Bhawana Pathak · 2020 · Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology
  96. The Modern Art of Identification of Natural Substances in Whole Plants
    Patrick Chaimbault · 2014 · Springer eBooks
  97. Algal-Derived Halogenated Sesquiterpenes from Laurencia dendroidea as Lead Compounds in Schistosomiasis Environmental Control
    Guilherme Senna dos Santos, Patrícia A. Miyasato, Erika Mattos Stein · 2022 · Marine Drugs
  98. Raw starch degrading alkaline α‐amylase from Geobacillus kaustophilus TSCCA02: Production, characterization, and its potential for application as a detergent additive
    Ausawadee Phonlamai, Thananya Kingkaew, Pradabrat Prajanket · 2024 · Journal of Basic Microbiology
  99. Separation and detection of bioactive essential oil components by overpressured layer chromatography coupled with bioactivity tests
    Ágnes M. Móricz, Dániel Krüzselyi, Péter G. Ott · 2017 · Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC
  100. Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanol dan Ekstrak Air dari Daun Jotang Kuda (Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.), Daun Gandarusa (Justicia Gendarussa Burm.F.), dan Daun Pulutan (Urena lobata L.) dengan Brine Shrimp Lethality Test
    Agustinus Anung Widodo, Akhmad Khumaidi, Putri Faradila A. Lasongke · 2019 · Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal)