Vitamin A in Health and Disease

Abstract

Introduction Overview of Vitamin A Metabolism and Function Metabolism of Vitamin A Absorption of Vitamin A Role of Perisinusoidal Stellate Cells in Vitamin A Storage The Retinol-Binding Protein Superfamily Dynamic and Control of Plasma Retinol Retinoic Acid Homeostasis: Prospective Roles of b-Carotene, Retinol, CRBP, and CRABP Mechanism of Action of Vitamin A and Carotenoids Role of Nuclear Retinoic Acid Receptors in the Regulation of Gene Expression The Retinoid X Receptors: Modulators of Multiple Hormonal Signaling Pathways Retinoylation of Proteins in Mammalian Cells Role of Carotenoids in Antioxidant Defense Embryonic Development Role of Retinoids in Embryonic Development Vitamin A in Lung Development and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Are Ethanol-Induced Birth Defects Caused by Functional Retinoic Acid Deficiency? Skin and Epithelial Cells Role of Retinoids in Normal and Diseased Skin Regulation of Epithelial Differentiation by Retinoids Blood Cells Role of Retinoids in Normal Hematopoiesis and the Immune System Retinoids and Acute Myeloid Leukemia Vision Retinoid Isomerization Reactions in the Visual System Reproduction Vitamin A Functions in the Reproductive Organs Intake and Cancer Incidence Vitamin A and Cancer: Epidemiological Evidence in Humans Deficiency and Toxicity Vitamin A Deficiency: Its Epidemiology and Relation to Child Mortality and Morbidity Teratogenicity of Vitamin A and Retinoids Requirements Dietary Vitamin A Requirements