Cited by 337Religion, Spirituality, and PsychologyWorkplace Spirituality and LeadershipReligion, Ecology, and Ethics

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The ironson-woods spirituality/religiousness index is associated with long survival, health behaviors, less distress, and low cortisol in people with HIV/AIDS

Ironson, Gail, Solomon, George F., Balbin, Elizabeth G., O’Cleirigh, Conall, George, Annie, Kumar, Mahendra, Larson, David, Woods, Teresa E.·2002·Annals of Behavioral Medicine

DOI 10.1207/s15324796abm2401_05

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of an instrument that measures both spirituality and religiousness, to examine the relation between spirituality and religiousness and important health outcomes for people living with HIV and to examine the potential mediators of these relations. One aim was to determine whether subscales of spirituality, religiousness, or both would be independently related to long survival in people living with AIDS. The Ironson-Woods Spirituality/Religiousness (SR) Index is presented with evidence for its reliability and validity. Four factors were identified on the Ironson-Woods SR Index (Sense of Peace, Faith in God, Religious Behavior, and Compassionate View of Others). Each subscale was significantly related to long survival with AIDS. That is, the long-term survivor (LTS) group (n = 79) scored significantly higher on these factors than did the HIV-positive comparison (COMP) group (n = 200). Long survival was also significantly related to both frequency of prayer (positively) and judgmental attitude (negatively). In addition, the Ironson-Woods SR Index yielded strong and significant correlations with less distress, more hope, social support, health behaviors, helping others, and lower cortisol levels. The relation between religious behavior and health outcomes was not due to social support. Further analyses were conducted, which identified urinary cortisol concentrations and altruistic behavior as mediators of the relation between SR and long survival.

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Authors: Ironson, G., Solomon, G. F., Balbin, E. G., O’Cleirigh, C., George, A., Kumar, M., Larson, D., & Woods, T. E.
Affiliations: University of Miami (US)
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Corresponding author: Ironson, Gail
ORCID: Ironson, Gail
O’Cleirigh, Conall
Kumar, Mahendra
Larson, David
Venue: Annals of Behavioral Medicine
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2002-02
Volume: 24
Issue: 1
Pages: 34-48
ISSN: 0742-5554 (ISSN-L)
0883-6612
1532-4796
DOI: 10.1207/s15324796abm2401_05
OpenAlex: W2084329367
Cited by: 337
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 15.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annals of Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH53791, R01MH053791)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Workplace Spirituality and Leadership
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Religion, Ecology, and Ethics
Keywords: spirituality, religiosity, HIV/AIDS, long-term survival, prayer frequency, religious behavior, belief in God, compassion, altruism, urinary cortisol, psychological distress, hope, social support, health behavior, instrument validity and reliability
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Health Status, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Religion and Medicine, Social Support, Stress, Psychological, Reproducibility of Results, Health Behavior, HIV Infections, Survival Analysis, Outcome Assessment, Health Care

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The ironson-woods spirituality/religiousness index is associated with long survival, health behaviors, less distress, and low cortisol in people with HIV/AIDS

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