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Validation of the State-Trait Distinction in Anxiety Research
Abstract
High school and university students were given Sarason's Test Anxiety Scale for Children, an intelligence test, and the A-State and A-Trait Scales of Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The STAI A-Stake Scale was administered under one non-stress and two stress conditions to both groups of subjects. A factor analysis of the data for the high school students identified six factors: trait anxiety; t h e e separate state anxiety factors, corresponding to each of the three administrations of the A-State Scale; a reversed-item factor; and an ability factor. A similar factor pattern emerged for the university students. The results were interpreted as providing evidence of the importance of situational stress in evoking anxiety states, and strong support for the slate-trait distinction in anxiety research.
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“Problems with this style of assessment were shown in Barnes etal. (2002) reliability investigation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Gaudry etal., 1975), which found a test-retest correlation ranging from 0.82 to 0.94 for trait anxiety, and 0.34 to 0.96 for state anxiety.”
From Investigating state and trait aspects of resilience using Generalizability theory (2024) · cites this paper as Gaudry et al., 1975
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Postuma, R. B., Iranzo, Á., Hu, M., Högl, B., Boeve, B. F., Manni, R., Oertel, W. H., Arnulf, I., Ferini‐Strambi, L., Puligheddu, M., et al. (2019) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awz030 · Cited by 1,189
Pinto-Sanchez, M. I., Hall, G. B., Ghajar, K., Nardelli, A., Bolino, C., Lau, J. T., Martin, F.-P., Cominetti, O., Welsh, C., Rieder, A., et al. (2017) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.05.003 · Cited by 821
The road to forgiveness: A meta-analytic synthesis of its situational and dispositional correlates
Fehr, R., Gelfand, M. J., & Nag, M. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0019993 · Cited by 749
Assessment of Emotions: Anxiety, Anger, Depression, and Curiosity
Spielberger, C. D., & Reheiser, E. C. (2009) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/j.1758-0854.2009.01017.x · Cited by 456
Self-citationBerntsen, D., & Rubin, D. C. (2007) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.1290 · Cited by 424
Metadata
- Authors
- Gaudry, E., Vagg, P., & Spielberger, C. D.
- Venue
- Multivariate Behavioral Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1975-07
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 331-341
- ISSN
- 0027-3171 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7906
- OpenAlex
- W2032780142
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Multivariate Behavioral Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- state anxiety, trait anxiety, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, situational stress, factor structure, high school students, university students, intelligence testing
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