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Cited by 65Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patientsDiabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes Treatment and Management

A systematic review supporting the endocrine society clinical practice guideline for the management of hyperglycemia in adults hospitalized for noncritical illness or undergoing elective surgical procedures

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Seisa, Mohamed O, Saadi, Samer, Nayfeh, Tarek, Muthusamy, Kalpana, Shah, Sahrish H, Firwana, Mohammed, Hasan, Bashar, Jawaid, Tabinda +11 more·2022·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgac277PMC PMC9653020
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Abstract

CONTEXT: Individuals with diabetes or newly recognized hyperglycemia account for over 30% of noncritically ill hospitalized patients. Management of hyperglycemia in these patients is challenging. OBJECTIVE: To support development of the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline for management of hyperglycemia in adults hospitalized for noncritical illness or undergoing elective surgical procedures. METHODS: We searched several databases for studies addressing 10 questions provided by a guideline panel from the Endocrine Society. Meta-analysis was conducted when feasible. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used to assess certainty of evidence. RESULTS: We included 94 studies reporting on 135 553 patients. Compared with capillary blood glucose, continuous glucose monitoring increased the number of patients identified with hypoglycemia and decreased mean daily blood glucose (BG) (very low certainty). Data on continuation of insulin pump therapy in hospitalized adults were sparse. In hospitalized patients receiving glucocorticoids, combination neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) and basal-bolus insulin was associated with lower mean BG compared to basal-bolus insulin alone (very low certainty). Data on NPH insulin vs basal-bolus insulin in hospitalized adults receiving enteral nutrition were inconclusive. Inpatient diabetes education was associated with lower HbA1c at 3 and 6 months after discharge (moderate certainty) and reduced hospital readmissions (very low certainty). Preoperative HbA1c level < 7% was associated with shorter length of stay, lower postoperative BG and a lower number of neurological complications and infections, but a higher number of reoperations (very low certainty). Treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes and mild hyperglycemia was associated with lower frequency of hypoglycemic events than insulin therapy (low certainty). Caloric oral fluids before surgery in adults with diabetes undergoing surgical procedures did not affect outcomes (very low certainty). Counting carbohydrates for prandial insulin dosing did not affect outcomes (very low certainty). Compared with scheduled insulin (basal-bolus or basal insulin + correctional insulin), correctional insulin was associated with higher mean daily BG and fewer hypoglycemic events (low certainty). CONCLUSION: The certainty of evidence supporting many hyperglycemia management decisions is low, emphasizing importance of shared decision-making and consideration of other decisional factors.

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  • Among hospitalized individuals, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and glucose variability are associated with adverse outcomes, including increased morbidity and mortality.

    “Among hospitalized individuals, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and glucose variability are associated with adverse outcomes, including increased morbidity and mortality (1,2).”

    From 16. Diabetes Care in the Hospital: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [1]

    The passage labeled Abstract (page unavailable) links adverse clinical outcomes to the need for inpatient glucose targets and names infections, prolonged hospital stay, disability, and mortality. The Discussion also says glucocorticoid-associated hyperglycemia contributes to adverse outcomes. Our copy does not establish the claimed association for glucose variability, so the full three-part claim is not supported. (LLM, conf=0.78)

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Authors
Seisa, M. O., Saadi, S., Nayfeh, T., Muthusamy, K., Shah, S. H., Firwana, M., Hasan, B., Jawaid, T., Abd-Rabu, R., Korytkowski, M. T., Muniyappa, R., Antinori-Lent, K., Donihi, A. C., Drincic, A. T., Luger, A., Torres Roldan, V. D., Urtecho, M., Wang, Z., & Murad, M. H.
Affiliations
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
  • Olmsted Medical Center (US)
  • Mayo Clinic Evidence-Based Practice Center , Rochester, MN , USA
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • Shadyside Hospital (US)
  • University of Nebraska Medical Center (US)
  • Vienna General Hospital (AT)
Corresponding author
Seisa, Mohamed O
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher
The Endocrine Society
Published
2022-06-12
Volume
107
Issue
8
Pages
2139-2147
ISSN
  • 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7197
DOI
10.1210/clinem/dgac277
PMC
PMC9653020
OpenAlex
W4281780193
Cited by
65
References
127
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6
FWCI
1.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords
hyperglycemia management, elective procedures, continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pump therapy, glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia, NPH insulin, multiple daily insulin injections, enteral nutrition, HbA1c, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, hypoglycemia, carbohydrate counting, shared decision-making
MeSH terms
Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Elective Surgical Procedures

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