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Estrogen biosynthesis proximal to a breast tumor is stimulated by PGE2 via cyclic AMP, leading to activation of promoter II of the CYP19 (aromatase) gene
Open accessAbstract
In the present report, we show that prostaglandin (PG) E2 is the most potent factor which stimulates aromatase expression via cyclic AMP and promoter II. PGE2 acts via EP1 and EP2 receptor subtypes to stimulate both the PKC and PKA pathways. The combined stimulation of both of these pathways results in maximal expression of promoter II-specific CYP19 transcripts. Since PGE2 is a major secretory product both of breast tumor epithelial cells and fibroblasts, as well as of macrophages infiltrating the tumor site, then this could be the mechanism whereby estrogen biosynthesis is stimulated in breast sites adjacent to a tumor, leading in turn to increased growth and development of the tumor itself.
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Citations
Cited by
Sources of estrogen and their importance
Simpson, E. R. (2003) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(03)00360-1 · Cited by 936
Simpson, E. R., Clyne, C., Rubin, G., Boon, W. C., Robertson, K., Britt, K., Speed, C., & Jones, M. (2002) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.64.081601.142703 · Cited by 773
Self-citationBulun, S. E., Lin, Z., Imir, G., Amin, S., Demura, M., Yilmaz, B., Martin, R., Utsunomiya, H., Thung, S., Gurates, B., et al. (2005) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.57.3.6 · Cited by 531
Estrogen—the Good, the Bad, and the Unexpected
Simpson, E. R., Misso, M., Hewitt, K. N., Hill, R. A., Boon, W. C., Jones, M. E., Kovacic, A., Zhou, J., & Clyne, C. D. (2005) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2004-0020 · Cited by 266
Self-citationAromatase and other steroidogenic genes in endometriosis: translational aspects.
Attar, E., & Bulun, S. E. (2006) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmi034 · Cited by 255
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhao, Y. D., Agarwal, V. R., Mendelson, C. R., & Simpson, E. R.
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Published
- 1996-12-01
- Volume
- 137
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 5739-5742
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2092171701
- Cited by
- 434
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 2.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Estrogen biosynthesis proximal to a breast tumor is stimulated by PGE2 via cyclic AMP, leading to activation of promoter II of the CYP19 (aromatase) gene. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1210/en.137.12.5739
- The paper
- Zhao, Y. D., Agarwal, V. R., Mendelson, C. R., & Simpson, E. R. (1996). Estrogen biosynthesis proximal to a breast tumor is stimulated by PGE2 via cyclic AMP, leading to activation of promoter II of the CYP19 (aromatase) gene. Endocrinology. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.137.12.5739
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
