Thyrotropin secretion patterns in health and disease
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are extremely important for metabolism, development, and growth during the lifetime. The hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis is precisely regulated for these purposes. Much of our knowledge of this hormonal axis is derived from experiments in animals and mutations in man. This review examines the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis particularly in relation to the regulated 24-hour serum TSH concentration profiles in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including obesity, primary hypothyroidism, pituitary diseases, psychiatric disorders, and selected neurological diseases. Diurnal TSH rhythms can be analyzed with novel and precise techniques, eg, operator-independent deconvolution and approximate entropy. These approaches provide indirect insight in the regulatory components in pathophysiological conditions.
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TSH levels show circadian variation, with higher concentrations noted towards the evening.
“TSH levels show circadian variation, with higher concentrations noted towards the evening.112,113”
From Hypothyroidism (2024) · cites this paper as [113]
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References 394 · Cited by 113
- Authors
- Roelfsema, F., & Veldhuis, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Roelfsema, Ferdinand
- Venue
- Endocrine Reviews
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2013-04-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 619-657
- ISSN
- 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7189
- OpenAlex
- W1988798827
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 394
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrine Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Keywords
- thyrotropin secretion, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, thyroid hormones, obesity, primary hypothyroidism, pituitary disorders, mental illness, neurological disorders, approximate entropy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Mental Disorders, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Health Status, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Hypothyroidism, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Nervous System Diseases, Obesity, Pituitary Diseases, Pregnancy, Sex Factors, Thyroid Diseases, Thyroid Gland, Thyrotropin, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome
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