The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Estrogen Negative Feedback on Gonadotropin Secretion: Evidence for a Direct Pituitary Effect in Women
Open accessAbstract
Context: Studies in humans and animals indicate that estrogen negative feedback occurs at the level of the hypothalamus, but it is unclear whether estrogen also exerts an inhibitory effect directly at the pituitary. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine whether estrogen has a direct negative feedback effect at the pituitary and whether this varies with aging. Design and Setting: A GnRH antagonist and graded doses of GnRH were used to isolate pituitary responsiveness before and after estrogen administration in Clinical Research Center studies at an academic medical center. Subjects: Subjects were healthy postmenopausal women aged 48–56 yr (n = 8) or 70–75 yr (n= 8). Interventions: A suppressive dose of the NAL-GLU GnRH antagonist was administered, followed by graded doses of GnRH before and after 1 month of estrogen administration. Results: LH and FSH responses to GnRH decreased after estrogen administration (P = 0.01 and P = 0.0001, respectively). The ratio of FSH to LH amplitudes decreased in response to estrogen (P = 0.04) indicating a greater sensitivity of FSH than LH to inhibition by estrogen. The inhibitory effect of estrogen on FSH was attenuated with aging (P = 0.02), but was maintained for LH (P = 0.4). Conclusions: Studies that control for endogenous GnRH and estradiol demonstrate a direct pituitary site of estrogen negative feedback on LH and FSH responsiveness to GnRH in women. The effect of estrogen on FSH responsiveness is greater than on LH and is attenuated with aging. These studies indicate that estrogen negative feedback occurs directly at the pituitary and contributes to the differential regulation of FSH and LH secretion.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The release of FSH from the pituitary, Rel FSH t ð Þ, is stimulated by the active GnRH receptor complex, GR a t ð Þ and inhibited by the amount of E2 (Shaw et al., 2010).”
From Hormonal regulation of ovarian follicle growth in humans: Model-based exploration of cycle variability and parameter sensitivities (2022) · cites this paper as Shaw et al., 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Estrogen Receptor Null Mice: What Have We Learned and Where Will They Lead Us?
Couse, J. F., & Korach, K. S. (1999) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.20.3.0370 · Cited by 2,045
Executive summary: Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW)
Soules, M. R., Sherman, S., Parrott, E. C., Rebar, R. W., Santoro, N. F., Utian, W. H., & Woods, N. F. (2001) · Climacteric · doi:10.1080/cmt.4.4.267.272 · Cited by 602
The Physiology of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Secretion in Men and Women
Crowley, W. F., Filicori, M., Spratt, D. I., & Santoro, N. F. (1985) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-571141-8.50015-9 · Cited by 485
Female Reproductive Aging Is Marked by Decreased Secretion of Dimeric Inhibin1
Welt, C. K., McNicholl, D. J., Taylor, A. E., & Hall, J. E. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.1.5381 · Cited by 333
Self-citationNAKAI, Y., PLANT, T. M., HESS, D. L., KEOGH, E. J., & KNOBIL, E. (1978) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-102-4-1008 · Cited by 279
Female Reproductive Aging Is Marked by Decreased Secretion of Dimeric Inhibin
Welt, C. K. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.84.1.105 · Cited by 253
Shaar, C. J., EUKER, J. S., Riegle, G. D., & Meites, J. (1975) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.0660045 · Cited by 175
Clarke, I. J., & Cummins, J. T. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000123990 · Cited by 167
Homologous Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors in Cultured Pituitary Cells
Loumaye, E., & Catt, K. J. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6296998 · Cited by 162
Regulation of Gonadotropins by Inhibin and Activin
Gregory, S. J., & Kaiser, U. B. (2004) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2004-831901 · Cited by 148
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–149 of 149
Gu, R., & Syed, N. (2023) · Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology (URNCST) Journal · doi:10.26685/urncst.417 · Cited by 3
Luteal phase support for women trying to conceive by intrauterine insemination or sexual intercourse
Checa, M. Á., Teixeira, D. M., González-Comadran, M., Nastri, C. O., & Martins, W. P. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012396 · Cited by 4
Nasatzky, M., Belicha, Y., & Fainaru, O. (2024) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2024.2365913 · Cited by 3
Tijare, D., Arya, S., Veerabomma, H., Loharkar, S., Mourya, A., Bojja, B., Satti, S., Dandekar, M. P., & Madan, J. (2025) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2025.107345 · Cited by 3
Ibrahim, S. K., & Alsaffar, S. F. (2024) · Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science · doi:10.30526/37.1.3307 · Cited by 3
Richey, R. E., Miner, J. A., Miner, J. C., Brunt, V. E., Kaplan, P., Halliwill, J. R., & Minson, C. T. (2025) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00131.2025 · Cited by 3
The Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovary Axis
Maggi, R. (2020) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03594-5_1-1 · Cited by 3
Sánchez, M., Suárez, L., Cantabrana, B., & Bordallo, J. (2016) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-016-1310-y · Cited by 3
Omda, F. A.-E. E., Fattah, A. A. E., Hashish, M., & Khalil, M. (2018) · The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.21608/ejhm.2018.9294 · Cited by 3
Maher, J. Y., & Zacur, H. A. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.64648-2 · Cited by 3
A Survey of Mathematical Modeling of Hormonal Contraception and the Menstrual Cycle
Zhao, L., Kim, R., Oremland, L. S., Chowkwale, M., Pillis, L. G. D., & Brooks, H. Z. (2024) · The IMA volumes in mathematics and its applications · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-58516-6_3 · Cited by 2
Genazzani, A. D., Sponzilli, A., Mantovani, M., Fusilli, E., Ricciardiello, F., Semprini, E., Simoncini, T., & Battipaglia, C. (2024) · Endocrines · doi:10.3390/endocrines5010003 · Cited by 2
Jang, H., Ha, J., & Choi, I.-S. (2024) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.4356 · Cited by 2
Salih, N. K.-E. M., Alam, M. Z., Haris, S., Kamal‐Eldin, A., & Al-Marzouqi, A. H. (2025) · Discover Food · doi:10.1007/s44187-025-00496-2 · Cited by 5
Behavioral, Endocrine, and Neuronal Responses to Odors in Lampreys
Beauséjour, P., Zielinski, B. S., & Dubuc, R. (2025) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani15142012 · Cited by 3
Araújo-Lopes, R., Gomes, A. F., Viana, M., Santos, M. D. S., Campideli-Santana, A. C., Macari, S., dos Reis, A. M., & Szawka, R. E. (2026) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.70157 · Cited by 2
Carlson, H. E. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-380926-1.10013-6 · Cited by 2
Study of HER2 in Breast Cancer Disease
Mhmood, B. R., & Allwsh, T. A. (2021) · Egyptian Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.21608/ejchem.2021.80147.3955 · Cited by 2
Reproductive Hormonal Changes after Incremental Exercise in Female Rats
Kasharafifard, S., Hojjati, S., Daryanoosh, F., Mehrabani, D., Almasi‐Hashiani, A., Vojdani, S., Tanideh, N., Askarzadeh, A., & Rasouli, O. (2012) · Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.3923/pjbs.2012.403.407 · Cited by 1
Supplementation with d-chiro-inositol in women
Laganà, A. S., Aragona, C., & Prapas, N. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91673-8.00004-2 · Cited by 1
Khadka, H., Bhandari, S., Dhakal, P., & Sharma, S. (2022) · Clinical Case Reports · doi:10.1002/ccr3.5948 · Cited by 1
Friedenthal, J., Naftolin, F. N., Nachtigall, L. E., & Goldstein, S. R. (2018) · doi:10.1002/9781119072980.ch15 · Cited by 1
Role of Kisspeptin in Female Infertility
Bhuiyan, M. R. I., Khaliduzzaman, S., & Priti, K. N. (2016) · Pulse · doi:10.3329/pulse.v8i1.28101
Effects of Exogenous Androgenic Agents on Male Reproduction
Honig, S. C., & Bryson, C. F. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.64930-9
Oogenesis Signaling from Development to Environmental Plasticity and Aging
Marques, B., Matos, R., & Martinho, R. G. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44436-5_11
Precision medicine for granulosa cell tumors of the ovary
Roze, J. F. (2022) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · doi:10.33540/714
Schust, D. J., & Gullicks, D. R. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0715-7_54
The role of kisspeptin neuropeptide in controlling reproduction
Sethi, M., Shah, N., Bagri, H. K., Bhakat, M., Swain, D. K., & Mohanty, T. K. (2023) · Indian Journal of Animal Health · doi:10.36062/ijah.2023.09422
Study the Genetic Expression of Activin A and Fibrillin-3 in PCOS and Non-PCOS women
Jasim, S. N., Abou‐El‐Naga, A. M., Al-Dujaily, S. S., & Badawy, A. (2023) · Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology · doi:10.52711/0974-360x.2023.00793
Treatment of Menopausal Symptoms with Herbal Medicines: A Review
Wal, P., Singh, I., Singh, D., Singh, M. R., & Wal, A. (2023) · Current Women s Health Reviews · doi:10.2174/0115734048262931231031162923
Wang, Y., Yu, F., & Yang, L. (2024) · International Journal of Biomathematics · doi:10.1142/s1793524524500505
Effects of Exogeneous Androgenic Agents on Male Reproduction
Cahill, E. M., Bryson, C. F., & Honig, S. C. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21477-6.00097-3
Humanizing the endocrine milieu of female mice for women’s health-related studiesPreprint
Constantin, C., Matvienko, D., László, C., Scabia, V., Battista, L., Binz, P., Bruce, S., & Brisken, C. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4808879/v1
Egbono, F. F., Obomanu-Tamunotonjo, R., & Unakalamba, E. C. (2025) · International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology · doi:10.48175/ijarsct-22912
Liu, C., Hu, W., Zhou, T., Zhou, J., Wang, F., Feng, X., & Qu, F. (2025) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/0113816128364578250212094405
Abou‐El‐Naga, A. M., Al-Dujaily, S. S., Badawy, A., & Jasim, S. N. (2025) · Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology · doi:10.52711/0974-360x.2025.00364
Kontogeorgi, A., Tsangkalova, G., Ambatzi, P., Boutas, I., Meridis, E., Gryparis, I., Kalaitzis, D., Fenga, A., Peppa, Μ., Kalantaridou, S., et al. (2025) · Life · doi:10.3390/life15081235
Xiao, Z., Wang, F., Yang, Y., Xiao, T., Chen, J., Li, M., Liao, H., Chu, C., Fan, X., & Zhang, J. V. (2025) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2025.1725350 · Cited by 1
Reproductive effects of ghrelin in the hypothalamus
van Rooyen, J. (2012) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)
Rohn, M. C. H., Ellis, L. T., & Schust, D. J. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-96019-2_41
Perturbation de la rythmicité circadienne : impact sur la fonction reproductive de souris femelles
Bahougne, T. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/f27b711fz7b99z44f6za0c5zaea6ee95b797
Limin, M., Fuwen, D., Liu, Z., Yu, T., Min, W., & GongQing, W. (2026) · Veterinary and Animal Science · doi:10.1016/j.vas.2026.100666
Porcayo, M. A. T. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-13454-7_54
Sirviö, J., Ahtola-Sätilä, T., Kirjavainen, M., & Rytilä, P. (2026) · Drugs in R&D · doi:10.1007/s40268-026-00552-x
Cracking the fertility code: a comprehensive review of biomarkers and functional measures
Woodman-Sousa, M. F., & Grive, K. J. (2026) · Open Biology · doi:10.1098/rsob.260199
Metadata
- Authors
- Shaw, N. D., Histed, S. N., Srouji, S. S., Yang, J., Lee, H., & Hall, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hall, J. E.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2010-04-01
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1955-1961
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- PMC
- PMC2853991
- OpenAlex
- W2137215560
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 6.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R01 AG 13241, R01AG013241)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR001066, M01-RR01066)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32HD007396, F32HD062315)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- estrogen negative feedback, pituitary gland, gonadotropin secretion, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, postmenopausal women, aging, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, estradiol
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Cutaneous, Adult, Aged, Aging, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Estradiol, Estrogens, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Gonadotropins, Humans, Luteinizing Hormone, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Middle Aged, Pituitary Gland, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Feedback, Physiological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
