The DOI matches its Crossref record; 262 of the 262 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Endocrine treatment of gender-dysphoric/gender-incongruent persons: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To update the "Endocrine Treatment of Transsexual Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline," published by the Endocrine Society in 2009. Participants: The participants include an Endocrine Society-appointed task force of nine experts, a methodologist, and a medical writer. Evidence: This evidence-based guideline was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach to describe the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence. The task force commissioned two systematic reviews and used the best available evidence from other published systematic reviews and individual studies. Consensus Process: Group meetings, conference calls, and e-mail communications enabled consensus. Endocrine Society committees, members and cosponsoring organizations reviewed and commented on preliminary drafts of the guidelines. Conclusion: Gender affirmation is multidisciplinary treatment in which endocrinologists play an important role. Gender-dysphoric/gender-incongruent persons seek and/or are referred to endocrinologists to develop the physical characteristics of the affirmed gender. They require a safe and effective hormone regimen that will (1) suppress endogenous sex hormone secretion determined by the person's genetic/gonadal sex and (2) maintain sex hormone levels within the normal range for the person's affirmed gender. Hormone treatment is not recommended for prepubertal gender-dysphoric/gender-incongruent persons. Those clinicians who recommend gender-affirming endocrine treatments-appropriately trained diagnosing clinicians (required), a mental health provider for adolescents (required) and mental health professional for adults (recommended)-should be knowledgeable about the diagnostic criteria and criteria for gender-affirming treatment, have sufficient training and experience in assessing psychopathology, and be willing to participate in the ongoing care throughout the endocrine transition. We recommend treating gender-dysphoric/gender-incongruent adolescents who have entered puberty at Tanner Stage G2/B2 by suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. Clinicians may add gender-affirming hormones after a multidisciplinary team has confirmed the persistence of gender dysphoria/gender incongruence and sufficient mental capacity to give informed consent to this partially irreversible treatment. Most adolescents have this capacity by age 16 years old. We recognize that there may be compelling reasons to initiate sex hormone treatment prior to age 16 years, although there is minimal published experience treating prior to 13.5 to 14 years of age. For the care of peripubertal youths and older adolescents, we recommend that an expert multidisciplinary team comprised of medical professionals and mental health professionals manage this treatment. The treating physician must confirm the criteria for treatment used by the referring mental health practitioner and collaborate with them in decisions about gender-affirming surgery in older adolescents. For adult gender-dysphoric/gender-incongruent persons, the treating clinicians (collectively) should have expertise in transgender-specific diagnostic criteria, mental health, primary care, hormone treatment, and surgery, as needed by the patient. We suggest maintaining physiologic levels of gender-appropriate hormones and monitoring for known risks and complications. When high doses of sex steroids are required to suppress endogenous sex steroids and/or in advanced age, clinicians may consider surgically removing natal gonads along with reducing sex steroid treatment. Clinicians should monitor both transgender males (female to male) and transgender females (male to female) for reproductive organ cancer risk when surgical removal is incomplete. Additionally, clinicians should persistently monitor adverse effects of sex steroids. For gender-affirming surgeries in adults, the treating physician must collaborate with and confirm the criteria for treatment used by the referring physician. Clinicians should avoid harming individuals (via hormone treatment) who have conditions other than gender dysphoria/gender incongruence and who may not benefit from the physical changes associated with this treatment.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“For transgender men using gender-affirming hormone therapy, the decrease in estradiol levels caused by exogenous testosterone can lead to vaginal atrophy (367,368) and is associated with a high prevalence of unsatisfactory sample acquisition (369).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [367]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Grundy, S. M., Bilheimer, D. W., Chait, A., Clark, L. T., Denke, M. A., Havel, R. J., Hazzard, W. R., Hulley, S. B., Hunninghake, D. B., Kreisberg, R. A., et al. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.23.3015 · Cited by 27,944
Expert Panel on Detection, E. (2001) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 · Cited by 26,011
Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
(2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7454.1490 · Cited by 8,477
Coleman, E., Bockting, W. O., Botzer, M., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., Cuypere, G. D., Feldman, J., Fraser, L., Green, J., Knudson, G., Meyer, W. J., et al. (2012) · International Journal of Transgenderism · doi:10.1080/15532739.2011.700873 · Cited by 3,273
Self-citationScreening for Prostate Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
Moyer, V. A., & on behalf of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force* (2012) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-157-2-201207170-00459 · Cited by 2,524
Endocrine Treatment of Transsexual Persons:An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Hembree, W. C., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., de Waal, H. A. D., Gooren, L. J., Meyer, W. J., Spack, N. P., Tangpricha, V., & Montori, V. M. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0345 · Cited by 1,029
Self-citationBhasin, S., Cunningham, G. R., Hayes, F. J., Matsumoto, A. M., Snyder, P. J., Swerdloff, R. S., & Montori, V. M. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-2847 · Cited by 965
Young Adult Psychological Outcome After Puberty Suppression and Gender Reassignment
de Vries, A. L. C., McGuire, J. K., Steensma, T. D., Wagenaar, E. C. F., DORELEIJERS, T. A. H., & Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T. (2014) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-2958 · Cited by 931
Self-citationHow sex changed: a history of transsexuality in the United States
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-5272 · Cited by 911
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- 2006, Gender development, 858
- 1992, Geschlechtsumwandlung: Abhandlungen zur Transsexualität
- Di Ceglie D, Freedman D, McPherson S, Richardson P. Children and adolescents referred to a specialist gender identity development service: clinical features and demographic characteristics. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276061306_Children_and_Adolescents_Referred_to_a_Specialist_Gender_Identity_Development_Service_Clinical_Features_and_Demographic_Characteristics. Accessed 20 July 2017.
- Maraka S. Effect of sex steroids on lipids, venous thromboembolism, cardiovascular disease and mortality in transgender individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Available at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/endo-meetings.2016.RE.15.FRI-136. Accessed 3 July 2017. · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 1,001
Insurance Coverage and Use of Hormones Among Transgender Respondents to a National Survey
Stroumsa, D., Crissman, H. P., Dalton, V. K., Kolenic, G. E., & Richardson, C. R. (2020) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.2586 · Cited by 54
Thrombosis Risk in Transgender Adolescents Receiving Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy
Mullins, E. S., Geer, R., Metcalf, M., Piccola, J., Lane, A., Conard, L. A. E., & Mullins, T. L. K. (2021) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-023549 · Cited by 56
The effect of transdermal gender-affirming hormone therapy on markers of inflammation and hemostasis
Schutte, M. H., Kleemann, R., Nota, N. M., Wiepjes, C. M., Snabel, J. M., T'Sjoen, G. G., Thijs, A., & den Heijer, M. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261312 · Cited by 55
Self-citationClark, D. B. A., & Virani, A. (2021) · Journal of Bioethical Inquiry · doi:10.1007/s11673-020-10086-9 · Cited by 53
Abbruzzese, E., Levine, S. B., & Mason, J. W. (2023) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2022.2150346 · Cited by 55
Kendig, N. E., Cubitt, A., Moss, A., & Sevelius, J. M. (2019) · Journal of Correctional Health Care · doi:10.1177/1078345819857113 · Cited by 52
Psychosocial assessment in transgender adolescents
de Lara, D. L., Rodríguez, O., Cuéllar‐Flores, I., Masa, J. L. P., Campos‐Muñoz, L., Hernández, M. C., & Amador, J. T. R. (2020) · Anales de Pediatría (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.anpede.2020.01.004 · Cited by 53
Gender-Affirming Mastectomy Trends and Surgical Outcomes in Adolescents
Tang, A., Hojilla, J. C., Jackson, J. E., Rothenberg, K. A., Gologorsky, R. C., Stram, D. A., Mooney, C. M., Hernandez, S. L., & Yokoo, K. M. (2022) · Annals of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1097/sap.0000000000003135 · Cited by 52
Gender dysphoria in young people is rising—and so is professional disagreement
Block, J. (2023) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.p382 · Cited by 55
Coyne, C. A., Yuodsnukis, B., & Chen, D. (2023) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s359979 · Cited by 53
A mouse model to investigate the impact of testosterone therapy on reproduction in transgender men
Kinnear, H. M., Constance, E. S., David, A., Marsh, E. E., Padmanabhan, V., Shikanov, A., & Moravek, M. B. (2019) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dez177 · Cited by 52
Providing Care for Transgender Persons With Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review
Collister, D., Saad, N., Christie, E. A., & Ahmed, S. B. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease · doi:10.1177/2054358120985379 · Cited by 52
Butler, G. E., Adu-Gyamfi, K., Clarkson, K., El‐Khairi, R., Kleczewski, S., Roberts, A., Segal, T. Y., Yogamanoharan, K., Alvi, S., Amin, N. L., et al. (2022) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2022-324302 · Cited by 51
Ethical Considerations in Fertility Preservation for Transgender Youth: A Case Illustration
Chen, D., & Simons, L. K. (2018) · Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1037/cpp0000230 · Cited by 51
Segev‐Becker, A., Israeli, G., Elkon‐Tamir, E., Perl, L., Sekler, O., Amir, H., Interator, H., Dayan, S. C., Chorna, E., Weintrob, N., et al. (2020) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep-2019-0418 · Cited by 51
Tasker, F., & Gato, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00865 · Cited by 51
DXA in Children and Adolescents
Guss, C. E., McAllister, A., & Gordon, C. M. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Densitometry · doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2020.01.006 · Cited by 51
Critically appraising the cass report: methodological flaws and unsupported claims
Noone, C., Southgate, A., Ashman, A., Quinn, É., Comer, D., Shrewsbury, D., Ashley, F., Hartland, J., Paschedag, J., Gilmore, J., et al. (2025) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-025-02581-7 · Cited by 60
Prolactin Levels Do Not Rise Among Transgender Women Treated With Estradiol and Spironolactone
Bisson, J. R., Chan, K. J., & Safer, J. D. (2018) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep-2018-0101 · Cited by 50
Self-citationHormonal contraceptive choices in a clinic-based series of transgender adolescents and young adults
Kanj, R. V., Conard, L. A. E., Corathers, S. D., & Trotman, G. E. (2019) · International Journal of Transgenderism · doi:10.1080/15532739.2019.1631929 · Cited by 54
Health considerations for transgender women and remaining unknowns: a narrative review
Iwamoto, S. J., Defreyne, J., Rothman, M. S., Schuylenbergh, J. V., de Bruaene, L. V., Motmans, J., & T'Sjoen, G. G. (2019) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/2042018819871166 · Cited by 61
Self-citationFledderus, A. C., Gout, H. A., Ogilvie, A. C., & van Loenen, D. K. G. (2020) · The Breast · doi:10.1016/j.breast.2020.06.008 · Cited by 50
Characterisation of testicular function and spermatogenesis in transgender women
Vereecke, G., Defreyne, J., Saen, D. V., Collet, S., Dorpe, J. V., T'Sjoen, G. G., & Goossens, E. (2020) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deaa254 · Cited by 49
Self-citationIncident Diabetes Risk Is Not Increased in Transgender Individuals Using Hormone Therapy
van Velzen, D. M., Wiepjes, C. M., Nota, N. M., van Raalte, D. H., de Mutsert, R., Şimşek, S., & den Heijer, M. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab934 · Cited by 49
Haematological actions of androgens
Warren, A. M., & Grossmann, M. (2022) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2022.101653 · Cited by 59
Transgender Girls Grow Tall: Adult Height Is Unaffected by GnRH Analogue and Estradiol Treatment
Boogers, L. S., Wiepjes, C. M., Klink, D. T., Hellinga, I., van Trotsenburg, A. S. P., den Heijer, M., & Hannema, S. E. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac349 · Cited by 54
Self-citationFreezing for the future: Transgender youth respond to medical fertility preservation
Kyweluk, M. A., Sajwani, A., & Chen, D. (2018) · International Journal of Transgenderism · doi:10.1080/15532739.2018.1505575 · Cited by 48
Oocyte Cryopreservation in a Transgender Male Adolescent
Rothenberg, S. S., Witchel, S. F., & Menke, M. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1813275 · Cited by 48
Issues in transgender dermatology: A systematic review of the literature
Sullivan, P., Trinidad, J. C., & Hamann, D. J. (2019) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.023 · Cited by 48
Contraceptive Beliefs, Needs, and Care Experiences Among Transgender and Nonbinary Young Adults
Gómez, A. M., Đỗ, L., Ratliff, G. A., Crego, P. I., & Hastings, J. (2020) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.03.003 · Cited by 47
Decision-making approaches in transgender healthcare: conceptual analysis and ethical implications
Gerritse, K., Hartman, L. A., Bremmer, M. A., Kreukels, B. P. C., & Molewijk, B. C. (2021) · Medicine Health Care and Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s11019-021-10023-6 · Cited by 47
Swe, N. C., Ahmed, S., Eid, M. H., Poretsky, L., Gianos, E., & Cusano, N. E. (2022) · Metabolism Open · doi:10.1016/j.metop.2022.100173 · Cited by 49
Taylor, J., Mitchell, A. S., Hall, R., Heathcote, C., Langton, T., Fraser, L., & Hewitt, C. E. (2024) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2023-326669 · Cited by 47
Tollit, M. A., Pace, C. C., Telfer, M. M., Hoq, M., Bryson, J. M., Fulkoski, N., Cooper, C., & Pang, K. C. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032151 · Cited by 50
de Blok, C. J. M., Dijkman, B. A. M., Wiepjes, C. M., Staphorsius, A. S., Timmermans, F. W., Smit, J. M., Dreijerink, K. M. A., & den Heijer, M. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa841 · Cited by 47
Decision Making and the Long-Term Impact of Puberty Blockade in Transgender Children
Harris, R. M., Tishelman, A. C., Quinn, G. P., & Nahata, L. (2019) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2018.1557284 · Cited by 47
Yun, Y., Kim, D., & Lee, E. S. (2021) · Journal of Bone Metabolism · doi:10.11005/jbm.2021.28.1.59 · Cited by 46
Karalexi, M. A., Frisell, T., Cnattingius, S., Holmberg, D., Holmberg, M., Kollia, N., Skalkidou, A., & Papadopoulos, F. C. (2022) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwac133 · Cited by 45
Randomized-controlled trials are methodologically inappropriate in adolescent transgender healthcare
Ashley, F., Tordoff, D. M., Olson-Kennedy, J., & Restar, A. (2023) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2023.2218357 · Cited by 53
Neyman, A., Fuqua, J. S., & Eugster, E. A. (2019) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.10.296 · Cited by 46
Osteoporosis and Bone Health in Transgender Persons
Stevenson, M. O., & Tangpricha, V. (2019) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2019.02.006 · Cited by 53
Self-citationvan Dijk, D., Dekker, M. J. H. J., Conemans, E. B., Wiepjes, C. M., de Goeij, E. G. M., Overbeek, K. A., Fisher, A. D., den Heijer, M., & T'Sjoen, G. G. (2019) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.05.009 · Cited by 46
Self-citationChen, D., Strang, J. F., Kolbuck, V. D., Rosenthal, S. M., Wallen, K., Waber, D. P., Steinberg, L. D., Sisk, C. L., ROSS, J. L., Paus, T., et al. (2020) · Transgender Health · doi:10.1089/trgh.2020.0006 · Cited by 47
Self-citationHigh court should not restrict access to puberty blockers for minors
Beattie, C. (2021) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-107055 · Cited by 45
Burinkul, S., Panyakhamlerd, K., Suwan, A., Tuntiviriyapun, P., & Wainipitapong, S. (2021) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.05.003 · Cited by 45
Transgender health and the impact of aging and menopause
Cheung, A. S., Nolan, B. J., & Zwickl, S. (2023) · Climacteric · doi:10.1080/13697137.2023.2176217 · Cited by 49
Transition Regret and Detransition: Meanings and Uncertainties
Jorgensen, S. C. J. (2023) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-023-02626-2 · Cited by 45
Trends in the use of puberty blockers among transgender children in the United States
Lopez, C. M., Solomon, D. G., Boulware, S. D., & Christison-Lagay, E. R. (2018) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2018-0048 · Cited by 45
Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy for Transgender Men
Moravek, M. B. (2018) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/grf.0000000000000398 · Cited by 48
Tebbens, M., Nota, N. M., Liberton, N. P. T. J., Meijer, B. A., Kreukels, B. P. C., Forouzanfar, T., Verdaasdonk, R. M., & den Heijer, M. (2019) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.02.011 · Cited by 45
Transgender adults, gender-affirming hormone therapy and blood pressure: a systematic review
Connelly, P. J., Clark, A., Touyz, R. M., & Delles, C. (2020) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000002632 · Cited by 47
Dynamic Impact of Hormone Therapy on Laboratory Values in Transgender Patients over Time
Allen, A. N., Jiao, R., Day, P. G., Pagels, P., Gimpel, N. E., & SoRelle, J. A. (2020) · The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1093/jalm/jfaa192 · Cited by 69
Sex and Gender Differences in Clinical Pharmacology: Implications for Transgender Medicine
Cirrincione, L. R., & Huang, K. J. (2021) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.2234 · Cited by 46
Headache in transgender and gender‐diverse patients: A narrative review
Hranilovich, J. A., Kaiser, E. A., Pace, A., Barber, M., & Ziplow, J. L. (2021) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.14171 · Cited by 45
de Vries, A. L. C., Richards, C., Tishelman, A. C., Motmans, J., Hannema, S. E., Green, J., & Rosenthal, S. M. (2021) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2021.1904330 · Cited by 45
Self-citationUtilization and Costs of Gender-Affirming Care in a Commercially Insured Transgender Population
Baker, K., & Restar, A. (2022) · The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics · doi:10.1017/jme.2022.87 · Cited by 45
Arrington‐Sanders, R., Connell, N. T., Coon, D., Dowshen, N., Goldman, A. L., Goldstein, Z. G., Grimstad, F. W., Javier, N. M., Kim, E., Murphy, M. C., et al. (2022) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.12.008 · Cited by 44
Self-citationChen, D., Edwards-Leeper, L. A., Stancin, T., & Tishelman, A. C. (2018) · Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1037/cpp0000229 · Cited by 43
van der Loos, M. A. T. C., Hellinga, I., Vlot, M. C., Klink, D. T., den Heijer, M., & Wiepjes, C. M. (2020) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.4262 · Cited by 44
Oocyte cryopreservation in a transgender man on long-term testosterone therapy: a case report
Gale, J., Magee, B., Forsyth-Greig, A., Visram, H., & Jackson, A. (2021) · F&S Reports · doi:10.1016/j.xfre.2021.02.006 · Cited by 44
Liang, J. J., Jolly, D., Chan, K. J., & Safer, J. D. (2017) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep-2017-0116 · Cited by 43
Self-citationLong term hormonal treatment for transgender people
den Heijer, M., Bakker, A., & Gooren, L. J. (2017) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.j5027 · Cited by 43
Self-citationGender Dysphoria and Anorexia Nervosa Symptoms in Two Adolescents
Ristori, J., Fisher, A. D., Castellini, G., Sensi, C., Cipriani, A., Ricca, V., & Maggi, M. (2019) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-019-1396-7 · Cited by 43
Behavioral Health Diagnoses in Youth with Gender Dysphoria Compared with Controls: A PEDSnet Study
Nunes-Moreno, M., Buchanan, C., Cole, F. S., Davis, S., Dempsey, A. F., Dowshen, N., Furniss, A., Kazak, A. E., Kerlek, A. J., Margolis, P. A., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.09.032 · Cited by 48
Puberty Blockers and Suicidality in Adolescents Suffering from Gender Dysphoria
Biggs, M. (2020) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-020-01743-6 · Cited by 43
Transgender patients and the role of the coagulation clinician
Connors, J. M., & Middeldorp, S. (2019) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.14626 · Cited by 42
Forever young? The ethics of ongoing puberty suppression for non-binary adults
Notini, L., Earp, B. D., Gillam, L. H., McDougall, R. J., Savulescu, J., Telfer, M. M., & Pang, K. C. (2020) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-106012 · Cited by 42
The Effect of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on Serum Creatinine in Transgender Individuals
Maheshwari, A., Dines, V. A., Saul, D., Nippoldt, T. B., Kattah, A. G., & Davidge-Pitts, C. J. (2021) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2021.08.009 · Cited by 43
Cardiovascular Risk in Transgender People With Gender-Affirming Hormone Treatment
Masumori, N., & Nakatsuka, M. (2023) · Circulation Reports · doi:10.1253/circrep.cr-23-0021 · Cited by 47
A Model for Improving Health Care Quality for Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Patients
Ding, J. M., Ehrenfeld, J. M., Edmiston, E. K., Eckstrand, K., & Beach, L. B. (2019) · The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety · doi:10.1016/j.jcjq.2019.09.005 · Cited by 42
Eating Disorders Among Transgender and Gender Non-binary People
Gordon, A. R., Moore, L., & Guss, C. E. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67127-3_18 · Cited by 45
Matz‐Soja, M., Berg, T., & Kietzmann, T. (2025) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2025.08.007 · Cited by 54
Nieder, T. O., & Strauss, B. M. (2019) · Zeitschrift für Sexualforschung · doi:10.1055/a-0895-8176 · Cited by 41
The gynecologic examination of the transfeminine person after penile inversion vaginoplasty
Grimstad, F. W., McLaren, H. E., & Gray, M. (2020) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.002 · Cited by 42
Iwamoto, S. J., Grimstad, F. W., Irwig, M. S., & Rothman, M. S. (2021) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-021-06634-7 · Cited by 42
Totaro, M., Palazzi, S., Castellini, C., Parisi, A., D’Amato, F., Tienforti, D., Baroni, M. G., Francavilla, S., & Barbonetti, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.741866 · Cited by 43
Valentine, A., Davis, S., Furniss, A., Dowshen, N., Kazak, A. E., Lewis, C. S., Loeb, D. F., Nahata, L., Pyle, L. L., Schilling, L. M., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac469 · Cited by 42
Should Parental Refusal of Puberty-Blocking Treatment be Overridden? The Role of the Harm Principle
Notini, L., McDougall, R. J., & Pang, K. C. (2019) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2018.1557283 · Cited by 41
Testosterone Therapy With Subcutaneous Injections: A Safe, Practical, and Reasonable Option
Figueiredo, M. G., Gagliano‐Jucá, T., & Basaria, S. S. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab772 · Cited by 41
Takahashi, E. A., Sista, A. K., Addison, D., Bikdeli, B., Bishay, V. L., Gu, S., Hood, M. N., Litmanovich, D. E., Misra, S., & Reddy, G. P. (2025) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001306 · Cited by 48
Common Hormone Therapies Used to Care for Transgender Patients Influence Laboratory Results
Humble, R. M., Imborek, K. L., Nisly, N. L., Greene, D. N., & Krasowski, M. D. (2018) · The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1373/jalm.2018.027078 · Cited by 40
Feigerlová, E., Pascal, V., Ganne‐Devonec, M., Klein, M., & Guerci, B. (2019) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.13982 · Cited by 40
Sexual and reproductive health considerations among transgender and gender-expansive youth
Mehringer, J. E., & Dowshen, N. (2019) · Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2019.100684 · Cited by 40
Sexual Experiences of Young Transgender Persons During and After Gender-Affirmative Treatment
Bungener, S. L., de Vries, A. L. C., Popma, A., & Steensma, T. D. (2020) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-1411 · Cited by 44
Haupt, C. C., Henke, M., Kutschmar, A., Hauser, B., Baldinger, S. L., Saenz, S. R., & Schreiber, G. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013138.pub2 · Cited by 40
Walch, A., Davidge-Pitts, C. J., Safer, J. D., López, X., Tangpricha, V., & Iwamoto, S. J. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa816 · Cited by 39
Self-citationA Review of Breast Pain: Causes, Imaging Recommendations, and Treatment
Sivarajah, R. T., Welkie, J. M., Mack, J. A., Casas, R. S., Paulishak, M., & Chetlen, A. L. (2020) · Journal of Breast Imaging · doi:10.1093/jbi/wbz082 · Cited by 41
Willemsen, L. A., Boogers, L. S., Wiepjes, C. M., Klink, D. T., van Trotsenburg, A. S. P., den Heijer, M., & Hannema, S. E. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac571 · Cited by 39
Self-citationTaylor, J., Hall, R., Heathcote, C., Hewitt, C. E., Langton, T., & Fraser, L. (2024) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2023-326499 · Cited by 39
Psychosocial Overview of Gender-Affirmative Care
Wagner, J., Sackett-Taylor, A. C., Hodax, J. K., Forcier, M. M., & Rafferty, J. R. (2019) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2019.05.004 · Cited by 46
Gender dysphoria in children and adolescents: an overview
Skordis, N., Kyriakou, A., Dror, S., Mushailov, A., & Nicolaides, N. C. (2020) · HORMONES · doi:10.1007/s42000-020-00174-1 · Cited by 43
Coon, D., Lee, E. H., Fischer, B. A., Darrach, H. M., & Landford, W. N. (2020) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000006819 · Cited by 39
Longitudinal Changes in Hematologic Parameters Among Transgender People Receiving Hormone Therapy
Antun, A. G., Zhang, Q., Bhasin, S., Bradlyn, A. S., Flanders, W. D., Getahun, D., Lash, T. L., Nash, R., Roblin, D. W., Silverberg, M. J., et al. (2020) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvaa119 · Cited by 42
Self-citationAnacker, C., Sydnor, E., Chen, B. K., LaGamma, C. T., McGowan, J. C., Mastrodonato, A., Hunsberger, H. C., Shores, R., Dixon, R. S., McEwen, B. S., et al. (2020) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-020-00826-1 · Cited by 39
Koehler, A., Motmans, J., Alvarez, L. M., Azul, D., Badalyan, K., Başar, K., Dhejne, C., Duišin, D., Grabski, B., Dufrasne, A., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2021.1986191 · Cited by 39
Oocyte cryopreservation among transmasculine youth: a case series
Chen, D., Bernardi, L. A., Pavone, M. E., Feinberg, E. C., & Moravek, M. B. (2018) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-018-1292-4 · Cited by 38
Schwartz, A. R., Russell, K., & Gray, B. (2019) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000003308 · Cited by 38
Primary Care for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer/Questioning (LGBTQ) Patients
Aisner, A. J., Zappas, M. P., & Marks, A. (2020) · The Journal for Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2019.12.011 · Cited by 38
The Need for Transgender Healthcare Medical Education in a Developing Country
Martins, R. S., Saleh, R., Hasan, K., Gillani, M., Merchant, A. A. H., Munir, M. M., Iftikar, H., Shah, Z., Hussain, M. H. Z., Azhar, M. K., et al. (2020) · Advances in Medical Education and Practice · doi:10.2147/amep.s255483 · Cited by 38
Suppakitjanusant, P., Ji, Y., Stevenson, M. O., Chantrapanichkul, P., Sineath, R. C., Goodman, M. G., Alvarez, J. A., & Tangpricha, V. (2020) · Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.jcte.2020.100230 · Cited by 39
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Hembree, W. C., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., Gooren, L., Hannema, S. E., Meyer, W. J., Murad, M. H., Rosenthal, S. M., Safer, J. D., Tangpricha, V., & T’Sjoen, G. G.
- Affiliations
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (US)
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Emory University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2017-09-13
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3869-3903
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2756092087
- Cited by
- 2,328
- References
- 261
- Citations by year
- 2026: 192 · 2025: 273 · 2024: 301 · 2023: 343 · 2022: 314 · 2021: 287 · 2020: 262 · 2019: 208 · 2018: 134 · 2017: 12
- FWCI
- 241.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Keywords
- gender dysphoria, gender-affirming hormone therapy, GnRH agonist, puberty suppression, sex hormone replacement, adolescents, informed consent, multidisciplinary care, transgender health, clinical practice guideline recommendations, prepubertal children, mental health assessment
- MeSH terms
- Gender Dysphoria, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Endocrinology, Female, Humans, Long-Term Care, Male, Societies, Medical, Transsexualism, Evidence-Based Medicine, Young Adult, Transgender Persons
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
