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Minireview: Steroidogenic Factor 1: Its Roles in Differentiation, Development, and Disease
Open accessAbstract
The orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1, also called Ad4BP, encoded by the NR5A1 gene) is an essential regulator of endocrine development and function. Initially identified as a tissue-specific transcriptional regulator of cytochrome P450 steroid hydroxylases, studies of both global and tissue-specific knockout mice have demonstrated that SF-1 is required for the development of the adrenal glands, gonads, and ventromedial hypothalamus and for the proper functioning of pituitary gonadotropes. Many genes are transcriptionally regulated by SF-1, and many proteins, in turn, interact with SF-1 and modulate its activity. Whereas mice with heterozygous mutations that disrupt SF-1 function have only subtle abnormalities, humans with heterozygous SF-1 mutations can present with XY sex reversal (i.e. testicular failure), ovarian failure, and occasionally adrenal insufficiency; dysregulation of SF-1 has been linked to diseases such as endometriosis and adrenocortical carcinoma. The current state of knowledge of this important transcription factor will be reviewed with a particular emphasis on the pioneering work on SF-1 by the late Keith Parker.
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“When the gene conversion extends to the P30L missense mutation (which is usually a Group C, i.e. nonclassic allele; see section III.D), it becomes a simple virilizing (Group B) allele (180).”
From Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia—Current Insights in Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Management (2022) · cites this paper as [180]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schimmer, B. P., & White, P. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- ORCID
- White, Perrin C.
- Venue
- Molecular Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2010-07
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1322-1337
- ISSN
- 0888-8809 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-9917
- PMC
- PMC5417463
- OpenAlex
- W2039590485
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 176
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 3.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Molecular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP-64325)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- steroidogenic factor 1, orphan nuclear receptor, transcriptional regulation, adrenal development, gonad development, ventromedial hypothalamus, gonadotrophs, XY sex reversal, ovarian failure, adrenal insufficiency, endometriosis, adrenocortical carcinoma, heterozygous mutation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease, Humans, Hypothalamus, Mutation, Pituitary Gland, Protein Binding, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Steroidogenic Factor 1
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