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Cited by 38Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumMultiple Sclerosis Research StudiesPregnancy and Medication Impact

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Perinatal Depression and Anxiety in Women With Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Cohort Study

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Eid, Karine, Torkildsen, Øivind Fredvik, Aarseth, Jan, Flemmen, Heidi Øyen, Holmøy, Trygve, Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord, Myhr, Kjell-Morten, Riise, Trond, Simonsen, Cecilia, Torkildsen, Cecilie Fredvik, Wergeland, Stig, Willumsen, Johannes Sverre, Øksendal, Nina, Gilhus, Nils Erik, Bjørk, Marte-Helene·2021·Neurology
DOI 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012062PMC PMC8205461
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess the occurrence of perinatal depression and anxiety in women before and after diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: A total of 114,629 pregnant women were included in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study (1999-2008). We assessed depression and anxiety by questionnaires during and after pregnancy. Women with MS were identified from national health registries and hospital records and grouped into (1) MS diagnosed before pregnancy (n = 140) or MS diagnosed after pregnancy with (2) symptom onset before pregnancy (n = 98) or (3) symptom onset after pregnancy (n = 308). Thirty-five women were diagnosed with MS in the postpartum period. The reference group (n = 111,627) consisted of women without MS. RESULTS: Women with MS diagnosed before pregnancy had an adjusted odds ratio of 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-3.1) for depression in the third trimester. Risk factors were adverse socioeconomic factors and history of psychiatric disease and physical/sexual abuse. The risk of anxiety was not increased. Women diagnosed with MS in the postpartum period had especially high risk of postpartum depression. Women with MS symptom onset within 5 years after pregnancy had increased risk of both depression and anxiety during pregnancy, whereas women with more than 5 years until symptom onset did not. CONCLUSION: Women diagnosed with MS have increased risk of perinatal depression. Women with MS symptom onset within 5 years after pregnancy have increased risk of both depression and anxiety during pregnancy.

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Crossref · 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012062

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Figure 1 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Diagnosis and Symptom Onset in Relation to Pregnancy and Childbirth We identified 546 women with MS from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort (MoBa). Women were divided into 3 groups defined by their MS status on inclusion. The periods of established MS diagnosis are illustrated by colored arrows. Periods of symptom onset are shown with dotted lines for the groups with MS diagnosed after pregnancy. We also studied a subgroup of women who were diagnosed with MS in the postpartum period (0–18 months). aMS diagnosed up to pregnancy weeks 18–20.
Figure 1 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Diagnosis and Symptom Onset in Relation to Pregnancy and Childbirth We identified 546 women with MS from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort (MoBa). Women were divided into 3 groups defined by their MS status on inclusion. The periods of established MS diagnosis are illustrated by colored arrows. Periods of symptom onset are shown with dotted lines for the groups with MS diagnosed after pregnancy. We also studied a subgroup of women who were diagnosed with MS in the postpartum period (0–18 months). aMS diagnosed up to pregnancy weeks 18–20.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Flowchart of Excluded and Included Cases Pregnancies included in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort (MoBa) study version 12. MS = multiple sclerosis; Q = questionnaire.
Figure 2 Flowchart of Excluded and Included Cases Pregnancies included in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort (MoBa) study version 12. MS = multiple sclerosis; Q = questionnaire.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Perinatal Depression in Women Diagnosed With Multiple Sclerosis (MS) or Other Chronic Disease in the Postpartum Period Point prevalence of depression from pregnancy week 30 until 18 months postpartum in women who were diagnosed with MS (n = 35) or another chronic disease (n = 2,640) in the 18-month postpartum period. Women without MS or another postpartum chronic diagnosis (n = 108,987) represents the reference group. Depression is defined as Hopkins Symptom Checklist 4D mean >1.75. N values are given for the first assessment and are later lower due to missing data. Women who were pregnant 18 months postpartum were excluded (figure 2).
Figure 3 Perinatal Depression in Women Diagnosed With Multiple Sclerosis (MS) or Other Chronic Disease in the Postpartum Period Point prevalence of depression from pregnancy week 30 until 18 months postpartum in women who were diagnosed with MS (n = 35) or another chronic disease (n = 2,640) in the 18-month postpartum period. Women without MS or another postpartum chronic diagnosis (n = 108,987) represents the reference group. Depression is defined as Hopkins Symptom Checklist 4D mean >1.75. N values are given for the first assessment and are later lower due to missing data. Women who were pregnant 18 months postpartum were excluded (figure 2).CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. World Health Organization: 2004.
  2. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Antenatal and Postnatal Mental Health, Guideline 192. 2014. Accessed January 7, 2021. nice.org.uk/guidance/cg192/chapter/1-recommendations.

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Metadata

Authors
Eid, K., Torkildsen, Ø. F., Aarseth, J., Flemmen, H. Ø., Holmøy, T., Lorentzen, Å. R., Myhr, K.-M., Riise, T., Simonsen, C., Torkildsen, C. F., Wergeland, S., Willumsen, J. S., Øksendal, N., Gilhus, N. E., & Bjørk, M.-H.
Affiliations
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
Corresponding author
Eid, Karine
ORCID
Venue
Neurology
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2021-06-08
Volume
96
Issue
23
Pages
e2789-e2800
ISSN
  • 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
  • 1526-632X
DOI
10.1212/wnl.0000000000012062
PMC
PMC8205461
OpenAlex
W3155101664
Cited by
35
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3
FWCI
5.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-nd
Locations
  • Neurology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • Helse- og Omsorgsdepartementet
  • Norges Forskningsråd
  • St. Olavs Hospital Universitetssykehuset i Trondheim
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy and Medication Impact
Keywords
multiple sclerosis, perinatal depression, perinatal anxiety, postpartum depression, pregnancy, risk factors, socioeconomic factors, physical and sexual abuse, psychiatric history, Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
MeSH terms
Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Multiple Sclerosis, Norway, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Puerperal Disorders, Registries, Cohort Studies, Depression, Postpartum, Young Adult

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