The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Child development following in utero exposure: Levetiracetam vs sodium valproate
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Children born to women with epilepsy (WWE), exposed in utero to levetiracetam (LEV, n = 51), were assessed for early cognitive development and compared to children exposed to sodium valproate in utero (VPA, n = 44) and a group of children representative of the general population (n = 97). METHODS: Children were recruited prospectively from 2 cohorts in the United Kingdom and assessed using the Griffiths Mental Development Scale (1996), aged <24 months. Information regarding maternal demographics were collected and controlled for. This is an observational study with researchers not involved in the clinical management of the WWE. RESULTS: On overall developmental ability, children exposed to LEV obtained higher developmental scores when compared to children exposed to VPA (p < 0.001). When compared, children exposed to LEV did not differ from control children (p = 0.62) on overall development. Eight percent of children exposed to LEV in utero fell within the below average range (DQ score of <84), compared with 40% of children exposed to VPA. After controlling for maternal epilepsy and demographic factors using linear regression analysis, exposure to LEV in utero was not associated with outcome (p = 0.67). Conversely, when compared with VPA exposure, LEV exposure was associated with higher scores for the overall developmental quotient (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Children exposed to LEV in utero are not at an increased risk of delayed early cognitive development under the age of 24 months. LEV may therefore be a preferable drug choice, where appropriate, for WWE prior to and of childbearing age.
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“Our results are supported by findings from a cohort study, which found that children exposed to levetiracetam were not at increased risk for delayed development compared with unexposed children (see online supplementary appendix C).42”
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Self-citationCognitive Function at 3 Years of Age after Fetal Exposure to Antiepileptic Drugs
Meador, K. J., Baker, G. A., Browning, N., Clayton-Smith, J., Combs-Cantrell, D. T., Cohen, M., Kalayjian, L. A., Kanner, A., Liporace, J. D., Pennell, P. B., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0803531 · Cited by 812
Self-citationAntiepileptic drugs and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain
Bittigau, P., Sifringer, M., Genz, K., Reith, E., Pospischil, D., Govindarajalu, S., Dzietko, M., Pesditschek, S., Mai, I., Dikranian, K. T., et al. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.222550499 · Cited by 784
The longer term outcome of children born to mothers with epilepsy
Adab, N. (2004) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.029132 · Cited by 579
Samrén, E. B., van Duijn, C. M., Koch, S., Hiilesmaa, V. K., Klepel, H., Bardy, A. H., Mannagetta, G. B., Deichl, A. W., Gaily, E., Granström, I. L., et al. (1997) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01480.x · Cited by 406
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Self-citationNormal intelligence in children with prenatal exposure to carbamazepine
Gaily, E. K., Kantola‐Sorsa, E., Hiilesmaa, V., ISOAHO, M., Matila, R., Kotila, M., Nylund, T., Bardy, A. H., Kaaja, E., & Granström, M.-L. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.62.1.28 · Cited by 295
Levetiracetam in the treatment of epilepsy
Abou-Khalil, B. W. (2008) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s2937 · Cited by 233
Affect of Seizures During Gestation on Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Epilepsy
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Bromley RL, Gummery A, Shallcross R, et al.. IQ, memory, language and attention in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero: preliminary outcomes at 6 years of age. Epilepsia 2009;50:491.Abstract.
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In utero exposure to valproic acid and autism — A current review of clinical and animal studies
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Valproic Acid and Epilepsy: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidences
Romoli, M., Mazzocchetti, P., D’Alonzo, R., Siliquini, S., Rinaldi, V. E., Verrotti, A., Calabresi, P., & Costa, C. (2018) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x17666181227165722 · Cited by 390
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Treatment for epilepsy in pregnancy: neurodevelopmental outcomes in the child
Bromley, R., Weston, J., Adab, N., Greenhalgh, J., Sanniti, A., McKay, A. J., Smith, C. T., & Marson, A. G. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010236.pub2 · Cited by 279
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shallcross, R., Bromley, R. L., Irwin, B., Bonnett, L. J., Morrow, J., & Baker, G. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2011-01-25
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 383-389
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- PMC
- PMC3271390
- OpenAlex
- W2031334993
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 20.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Epilepsy Research UK
- Research Councils UK
- Eisai
- National Institutes of Health
- Medical Research Council
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS038455)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Epilepsy research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Keywords
- maternal epilepsy, prenatal drug exposure, levetiracetam, valproic acid, child cognitive development, developmental quotient, antiepileptic drugs, pregnancy, Griffiths Mental Development Scales
- MeSH terms
- Levetiracetam, Anticonvulsants, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Epilepsy, Female, Humans, Infant, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Piracetam, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Retrospective Studies, Valproic Acid, Maternal Exposure
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