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Cognitive effects of one season of head impacts in a cohort of collegiate contact sport athletes
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether exposure to repetitive head impacts over a single season negatively affects cognitive performance in collegiate contact sport athletes. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study at 3 Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association athletic programs. Participants were 214 Division I college varsity football and ice hockey players who wore instrumented helmets that recorded the acceleration-time history of the head following impact, and 45 noncontact sport athletes. All athletes were assessed prior to and shortly after the season with a cognitive screening battery (ImPACT) and a subgroup of athletes also were assessed with 7 measures from a neuropsychological test battery. RESULTS: Few cognitive differences were found between the athlete groups at the preseason or postseason assessments. However, a higher percentage of the contact sport athletes performed more poorly than predicted postseason on a measure of new learning (California Verbal Learning Test) compared to the noncontact athletes (24% vs 3.6%; p < 0.006). On 2 postseason cognitive measures (ImPACT Reaction Time and Trails 4/B), poorer performance was significantly associated with higher scores on several head impact exposure metrics. CONCLUSION: Repetitive head impacts over the course of a single season may negatively impact learning in some collegiate athletes. Further work is needed to assess whether such effects are short term or persistent.
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“Clinical and functional impairments in cognition have also been correlated with the frequency of impacts to the head in high school and collegiate football players wearing helmet-mounted accelerometers [16, 121, 180], although not all helmet sensor studies have supported this relationship [81].”
From The neuropathology of sport (2014) · cites this paper as [121]
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Metadata
- Authors
- McAllister, T. W., Flashman, L. A., Maerlender, A., Greenwald, R. M., Beckwith, J. G., Tosteson, T. D., Crisco, J. J., Brolinson, P. G., Duma, S. M., Duhaime, A.-C., Grove, M. R., & Turco, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2012-05-29
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 1777-1784
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- PMC
- PMC3359587
- OpenAlex
- W2146250230
- Cited by
- 245
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 16.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE 04-07)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA023108)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS055020)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD048638)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
- Keywords
- repetitive head impacts, cognitive performance, collegiate athletes, contact sports, football, ice hockey, head impact exposure, new learning, impact, California Verbal Learning Test, reaction time, neuropsychological assessment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Athletic Injuries, Brain Concussion, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Learning, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Sports, Students, Universities, Cohort Studies, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Young Adult
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