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Down's syndrome: Is there a decreased population of neurons?
Abstract
Although gross abnormalities have been described in the brains of patients with Down's syndrome (DS), microscopic studies have revealed only minor and inconsistent findings. We compared two DS brains, in whole-brain serial sections, with similarly prepared age- and sex-matched normal controls. Architectonic abnormalities were noted, and cell counts revealed a significant poverty of granular cells in the DS brains, particularly in granular fields such as areas 3, 17, and 41. Golgi studies demonstrated all major cell types. A striking feature of the brain morphology in DS may be the curtailment of a specific cell type, most likely the aspinous stellate.
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“The fetal cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus have all been shown to contain fewer neurons in individuals with DS than in controls40–48, albeit based on small sample sizes17.”
From Consequences of trisomy 21 for brain development in Down syndrome (2024) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“Several studies have shown that fewer interneurons are present in the cortex of individuals with DS44,46,84 than in that of controls, suggesting that reduced generation of interneurons contributes to the overall reduced neurogenesis in DS.”
From Consequences of trisomy 21 for brain development in Down syndrome (2024) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“The hypocellularity persists with fewer total neurons being identified in the superior temporal gyrus in adolescents and adults with DS (15–35 years) (Ross et al., 1984; Giffin-Rao et al., 2020).”
From Neurodevelopment in Down syndrome: Concordance in humans and models (2022) · cites this paper as Ross et al., 1984
In the citing paper
“Broadly, one study has identified a decreased number of aspinous stellate interneurons in young adults with DS (Ross et al., 1984).”
From Neurodevelopment in Down syndrome: Concordance in humans and models (2022) · cites this paper as Ross et al., 1984
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Geschwind, N. (1985) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1985.04060060019009 · Cited by 1,773
Apoptosis and increased generation of reactive oxygen species in Down's syndrome neurons in vitro
Busciglio, J., & Yankner, B. A. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/378776a0 · Cited by 741
A Prospective Study of Alzheimer Disease in Down Syndrome
Lai, F., & Williams, R. S. (1989) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1989.00520440031017 · Cited by 561
Analysis of neocortex in three males with the Fragile X syndrome
Hinton, V. J., Brown, W. T., Wisniewski, K., & Rudelli, R. D. (1991) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320410306 · Cited by 527
The pathological association between down syndrome and Alzheimer disease
Mann, D. M. A. (1988) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/0047-6374(88)90041-3 · Cited by 346
Metadata
- Authors
- Ross, M. H., Galaburda, A. M., & Kemper, T. L.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 1984-07
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 909-909
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- OpenAlex
- W2054562862
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 12.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Williams Syndrome Research
- Keywords
- Down syndrome, brain architecture, neuronal cell counts, granular cells, brain structure, Golgi staining, cerebral cortex
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Auditory Cortex, Brain, Child, Down Syndrome, Female, Humans, Male, Somatosensory Cortex, Visual Cortex
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