CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 8Indigenous Cultures and HistoryCultural History and Identity FormationCultural Identity and Heritage

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 132 of the 132 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Contested Indigenous Landscapes: Indian Mounds and the Political Creation of the Mythical “Mound Builder” Race

Timmerman, Nicholas A.·2020·Ethnohistory
DOI 10.1215/00141801-7888741
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Between 1790 and 1840, a constructed belief system arose arguing that the numerous Indian mounds were constructed by a separate, more "civilized" "Mound Builder" race. The multiple Mound Builder myths corresponded with a rising nationalism and romanticism in the United States that posited an ancient connection to the Old World. These myths reflected contemporary racial perceptions of American Indians, thus denying American Indian's ownership of the land and their rightful place in history. Furthermore, the histories of the mounds serve as a modern-day warning against nationalism and pseudo-history for political purposes.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1215/00141801-7888741

Cites

132 of 132 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Citations

Cites

Show all 132 references

Research works printed but not linked: 36

  1. Atwater, 1833, A Description of the Antiquities Discovered in the Western Country: Originally Communicated to the American Antiquarian Society
  2. Baldwin, 1869, Pre-Historic Nations; or, Inquiries Concerning some of the Great Peoples and Civilizations of Antiquity
  3. Barton, 1787, Observations on Some Parts of Natural History, Part I
  4. Belknap, 1792, A Discourse Intended to Commemorate the Discovery of America by Christopher Columbus
  5. Blum, 2011, Aliens and the Old West
  6. Brooks, 1911, An Apostrophe to a Mound
  7. Bryant, 1854, Poems
  8. Carson, 2009, Horses and the Economy and Culture of the Choctaw Indians, 1690–1840, 67
  9. Clinton, 1812, Discourse Delivered Before the New York Historical Society at Their Anniversary Meeting, 6 December 1811
  10. Dewhurst, 2013, The Ancient Giants Who Ruled America: The Missing Skeletons and the Smithsonian Cover-Up
  11. Fairbanks, 2003, Archaeology of the Funeral Mound: Ocmulgee National Monument, Georgia
  12. French, 1850, Narrative of the Expedition of Hernando de Soto into Florida, by a Gentleman of Elvas, translated from Portuguese by Richard Hackluyt, in 1609, 111
  13. Hantman, 1993, The Enlightened Archaeologist, Archaeology, 46, 44
  14. Harrison, 1838, A Discourse on the Aborigines of the Valley of the Ohio
  15. Haven, 1856, Archaeology of the United States. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge
  16. Honour, 1979, Romanticism
  17. Jackson, 1897, Second Annual Message to Congress, 6 December 1830
  18. Jefferson, 1806, Message Communicating Discoveries made in Exploring the Missouri, Red River, and Washita, by Lewis and Clark, Sibley and Dunbar
  19. King, 1996, The Transient Nature of All Things Sublunary: Romanticism, History, and Ruins in Nineteenth-Century Southern Maryland, 249
  20. Madison, 1809, A Letter on the Supposed Fortifications of the Western Country, from Bishop Madison of Virginia to Dr. Barton, December 16, 1803, 132
  21. Matthews, 1839, Behemoth: A Legend of the Mound-Builders
  22. Peet, 1886, The American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal, Vol. 8: January–November
  23. Pickett, 1896, History of Alabama and Incidentally of Georgia and Mississippi from the Earliest Period
  24. Pidgeon, 1858, Traditions of De-Coo-Dah and Antiquarian Researches
  25. Powell, 1881, First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1879–1880
  26. Powell, 1886, Fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1882–1883
  27. Pratt, 1892, The Advantages of Mingling Indians with Whites
  28. Priest, 1835, American Antiquities and Discoveries in the West
  29. Rafinesque, 1824, Ancient History, or, Annals of Kentucky: With a Survey of the Ancient Monuments of North America
  30. Rhees, 1901, Sundry Civil Act for 1882 (Stat. XXI, 443), 3 March 1881, 865
  31. Shreve, 1841, To an Indian Mound, 191
  32. Squier, 1848, Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge
  33. Swanton, 1911, Indian Tribes of the Lower Mississippi Valley and Adjacent Coast of the Gulf of Mexico, Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 43
  34. Thwaites, 1900, Letter from Father le Petit, Missionary, to Father d’Avaugour, Procurator of the Missions in North America, July 12, 1730, 129
  35. Viera, 2015, Giants on Record: America’s Hidden History, Secrets in the Mounds and the Smithsonian Files
  36. Washburn, 1973, James Adair’s ‘Noble Savage.’

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 8

Related

Metadata

Authors
Timmerman, N. A.
Affiliations
Langston University (US)
Corresponding author
Timmerman, Nicholas A.
Venue
Ethnohistory
Publisher
Duke University Press
Published
2020-01-01
Volume
67
Issue
1
Pages
75-95
ISSN
  • 0014-1801 (ISSN-L)
  • 1527-5477
DOI
10.1215/00141801-7888741
OpenAlex
W3003984271
Semantic Scholar
d674b8a91ed6d1e342cb44814b30be030132ee24
Cited by
6
References
132
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3
FWCI
2.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Ethnohistory (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Anthropology › Indigenous Cultures and History
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Cultural History and Identity Formation
  • Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Cultural Identity and Heritage
Keywords
Native American mound, Native American identity, nationalism, Romanticism, pseudo-history, land ownership, indigenous landscapes, political mythmaking

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review