Cited by 468Exercise and Physiological ResponsesCardiovascular and exercise physiologyCardiovascular Effects of Exercise

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Exercise, upper respiratory tract infection, and the immune system

NIEMAN, DAVID C.·1994·Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

DOI 10.1249/00005768-199402000-00002

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Abstract

The relationship between exercise and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) may be modeled in the form of a "J" curve. Various epidemiological studies suggest that unusually heavy acute or chronic exercise is associated with an increased risk of URTI. The risk appears to be especially high during the one or 2-wk period following marathon-type race events. Among runners varying widely in training habits, the risk for URTI is slightly elevated for the highest distance runners, but only when several confounding factors are controlled for. Two randomized experimental trials using small numbers of subjects have provided important preliminary data in support of the viewpoint that moderate physical activity may reduce URTI symptomatology. Clinical data support the concept that heavy exertion increases the athlete's risk of URTI because of negative changes in immune function and elevation of the stress hormones, epinephrine, and cortisol. On the other hand, there is growing evidence that moderate amounts of exercise may decrease one's risk of URTI through favorable changes in immune function without the negative attending effects of the stress hormones.

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Kim, H.-S., & Hyun, K. (2012) · Journal of Life Science · doi:10.5352/jls.2012.22.3.312
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Authors: NIEMAN, D. C.
Affiliations: Appalachian State University (US)
Corresponding author: NIEMAN, DAVID C.
ORCID: NIEMAN, DAVID C.
Venue: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1994-02
Volume: 26
Issue: 2
Pages: 128-139
ISSN: 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199402000-00002
OpenAlex: W2088858431
Cited by: 468
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 13.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
Keywords: upper respiratory tract infection, physical activity, immune function, marathon running, long-distance runners, stress hormones, cortisol, epinephrine, J-curve, infection risk
MeSH terms: Humans, Immune System, Respiratory Tract Infections, Risk Factors, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

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Exercise, upper respiratory tract infection, and the immune system

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