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Cited by 429Labor market dynamics and wage inequalityUnemployment and Economic GrowthEducation and Labor Relations

The Flow Approach to Labor Markets: New Data Sources and Micro–Macro Links

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Davis, Steven J, Faberman, R. Jason, Haltiwanger, John·2006·Journal of Economic Perspectives
DOI 10.1257/jep.20.3.3
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Abstract

New data sources and products developed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of the Census highlight the fluid character of U.S. labor markets. Private sector job creation and destruction rates average nearly 8 percent of employment per quarter. Worker flows in the form of hires and separations are more than twice as large. The data also underscores the lumpy nature of micro-level employment adjustments. More than two-thirds of job destruction occurs at establishments that shrink by more than 10 percent within the quarter, and more than one-fifth occurs at those that shut down. Our study also uncovers highly nonlinear relationships of worker flows to employment growth and job flows at the micro level. These micro relations interact with movements over time in the cross-sectional density of establishment growth rates to produce recurring cyclical patterns in aggregate labor market flows. Cyclical movements in the layoffs-separations ratio, for example, and the propensity of separated workers to become unemployed reflect distinct micro relations for quits and layoffs. A dominant role for the job-finding rate in accounting for unemployment movements in mild downturns and a bigger role for the job-loss rate in severe downturns reflect distinct micro relations for hires and layoffs.

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  • Firms may respond to technology changes by reducing hiring before laying off existing workers.

    “Firms may respond to changes in technology by reducing hiring before laying off existing workers (Davis, Faberman, and Haltiwanger 2006).”

    From The Early Impacts of AI on Employment among Recent College Graduates (2026) · cites this paper as Davis, Faberman, and Haltiwanger 2006

    The section “Heterogeneity and the Micro Distribution of Labor Market Flows” (page unavailable) says employers can reduce their workforce by curtailing new hires and relying on attrition. It does not tie that response to technology changes or establish that reduced hiring precedes layoffs. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Davis, S. J., Faberman, R. J., & Haltiwanger, J.
Affiliations
  • American Enterprise Institute (US)
  • Bureau of Labor Statistics (US)
  • National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Economic Perspectives
Publisher
American Economic Association
Published
2006-05-01
Volume
20
Issue
3
Pages
3-26
ISSN
0895-3309 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1257/jep.20.3.3
OpenAlex
W2111910167
Cited by
429
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 41
FWCI
48.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Journal of Economic Perspectives (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Unemployment and Economic Growth
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Education and Labor Relations
Keywords
labor market flows, job creation and destruction, worker flows, business closures, job creation, micro-macro link, business cycles, layoffs, voluntary turnover, job finding rate, unemployment

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