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Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo
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This paper presents an investigation into cross-cultural transfiguration of Buddhist faith in Goryeo Dynasty, with a focus on Śūraṃgama-sūtra that used to be in vogue in East Asia. There are three major types of Śūraṃgamasūtra faith in Goryeo: the first one was concerned about the scripture itself including its citation and publication and the compilation of its annotation books; the second one involved establishing Buddhist rituals related to the scripture; and the final one was to create Dhāranī stone poles with Dafoding Dhāranī in Volume 7 of the scripture engraved in stone. While it was the common practice to engrave Zunsheng Dhāranī in China, the number of stone poles on which Dafoding Dhāranī was engraved was overwhelmingly large. There are a couple of reasons behind the difference: first, there was a tendency of Zunsheng Dhāranī being worshiped at the national level in Goryeo, which probably explains why the percentage of Zunsheng Dhāranī stone poles designed to pray for a personal mass for the dead by engraving Dhāranī on a stone pole was considerably low. In addition, there were esoteric sects in Goryeo, and it is estimated that they must have got involved in the establishment of Dafoding Dhāranī stone poles in the former half of Goryeo. Furthermore, the Zen sects had a deep non-Zen understanding of Esoteric Buddhism and tended to practice Dhāranī in Goryeo. It is estimated that Dafoding Dhāranī stone poles were set up in large numbers in Goryeo as the prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra faith that continued on since the former half of Goryeo was combined with the Zen sects' active position about Dhāranī.
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In the paper
“the first one was concerned about the scripture itself including its citation and publication and the compilation of its annotation books”
- Also stated in: § III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO · plain
“The first type is concerned about the scripture itself including its publication, research, recitation and memorization and the publication of its annotation books.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Abstract
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- Also stated in: § III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO · plain
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In the paper
“There are 28 annotation books of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Volume 1 of his Sinpyeonjejong-gyojang-chongnok 新編諸宗敎藏總錄.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
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In the paper
“There are three major types of Śūraṃgamasūtra faith in Goryeo”
- Also stated in: § III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO · plain
“There are three types of Śūraṃgama-sūtra faith during Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Abstract
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- Also stated in: § III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO · plain
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In the paper
“It was during the time of Uicheon 義天 (1055-1101) that Śūraṃgamasūtra began to attract full-scale attention.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
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In the paper
“the second one involved establishing Buddhist rituals related to the scripture”
- Also stated in: § III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO · plain
“The second type of Śūraṃgama-sūtra faith during Goryeo involves the establishment of rituals around the scripture.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Abstract
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- Also stated in: § III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO · plain
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In the paper
“After returning from his trip to Tang in the 9th century, the Japanese Buddhist monk Engyō 圓行 (800-853) observed that Baisangai foding 白傘蓋佛頂 (Korean < Baeksangae Buljeong) was one of the high formalities in vogue in China during that time.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Korean
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In the paper
“The first data about Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo are found in the Dafoding Dhāranī stone pole 大佛頂陀羅尼石幢 located in North Korea.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
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In the paper
“Zhenxie Qingle 眞歇淸了(1089-1151) of Southern Song entered vārşika at Mt. Puto 普陀山 and fell sick.Wishing for his recovery, other Buddhist monks that joined him on vārşika chanted Dafoding Dhāranī, which is said to be the beginning of Lengyan hui.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Korean
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
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In the paper
“However, most of the annotation books accepted in his stage were written in the non-Zen line.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
What the sources say
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In the paper
“the final one was to create Dhāranī stone poles with Dafoding Dhāranī in Volume 7 of the scripture engraved in stone”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Abstract
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In the paper
“Entering the Song Dynasty, Śūraṃgama-sūtra became one of the central scriptures of the Zen sect.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Korean
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [10]
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In the paper
“In late Goryeo, Do-jeon Jeong 鄭道傳 (1342-1398) would cite from the scripture to criticize Buddhism.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [23]
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In the paper
“The Neungeom-ganghoe held at temple Munsu in the 16th year of King Yejong's reign (#2) was also established by the order of the king”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [32]
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In the paper
“One example is the Six-Dhāranī-collection translated by Dyānabhadra 指空 (?-1363) in late Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
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In the paper
“The Neungeom-beopseok at temple Baengnyeon in the fourth year of King Chungnyeol 忠烈王's reign (#7) also set out to pray for peace in the country, being established for the occasion of the king traveling to Yuan China.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
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In the paper
“Since then, this book written by Bohwan had been in constant use as a supplementary material for Jiehuan's annotation book.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [29]
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In the paper
“At the event, Daljeong 達正, Seonsuk 禪淑 and Dalmok 達牧 asked him to rectify the Dhāranī version they had according to the native pronunciations of Sanskrit.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
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In the paper
“The one published in the 19th year of King Gongmin's reign was to pray for an easy passage into eternity for the deceased parents and wife of Gye Yim 林桂.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
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In the paper
“There are total eight rituals related to Śūraṃgama-sūtra from Goryeo that can be confirmed.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
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In the paper
“It was through Ja-hyeon Yi 李資玄 (1061-1125) that the Zen line started to take ideological interest in Śūraṃgama-sūtra.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
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In the paper
“Jiehuan's Lengyan jing yaojie was most read as an annotation book in Goryeo during the days.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO
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In the paper
“The oldest existent version of the scripture was published in the 22nd year of King Gojong 高宗's reign (1235).”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO
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In the paper
“At the same time, Jiehuan's annotation book introduced during Jinul's succession of Tanyeon prevailed, being broadly spread across the general ideological realm as the representative annotation book of Śūraṃgama-sūtra.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [28]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In late Goryeo, Hanam Bohwan 閑庵普幻 (?-?) published an annotation book of Śūraṃgama-sūtra titled Suneungeomgyeong-hwanhae-sanbo-gi 首楞嚴經環解刪補記.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO
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In the paper
“In 1327, he held vārşika at temple Cheonhwa 天和寺 by the request of danapatis.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
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In the paper
“He thus corrected the missing and wrong parts.42”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Heo, Light of Indian Buddhism, 90-92; Kim, "History of Esoteric Buddhism in Goryeo," 100-1.
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In the paper
“the faith about Dafoding Dhāranī in Volume 7 of the scripture.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“he left a collection of his works titled Dongguk-isangguk-jip 東國李相國集 containing many texts on Śūraṃgama-sūtra”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
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In the paper
“Daebuljeong-dokgyeong (Ritual of reading Dafoding Dhāranī) was established in the tenth year of King Myeongjong's”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
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In the paper
“The one published in the 5th year of King Gongmin's reign was to pray for an easy passage into eternity for the deceased mother of Bang-han Yi 李邦翰.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [26]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Dafoding Dhāranī was separated from Śūraṃgama-sūtra and put together with other Dhāranīs in a collection.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“He had the Esoteric Scripture Store 密敎大藏, Suryuk-uimun 水陸儀文 (writing on 'water and land assembly'), and Śūraṃgama-sūtra written by large letters laid in state in north, west, and east, respectively.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although Ja-hyeon Yi was not a Buddhist monk, he exerted influences on Hyejo 慧照 (?-?) and Tanyeon 坦然 (1070-1159) representing the Buddhist community during those days.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Most of the remaining stone poles of Goryeo have Dafoding Dhāranī from Śūraṃgama-sūtra engraved on them.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“It contains prayers for the longevity of the king and U Choe 崔瑀 (?-1249), the highest administrator of the times, and the resignation of the Mongolian forces.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO
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In the paper
“and its goal was to hold a mass for the dead.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Buljeongdoryang expended merit and virtue discussed in the scripture and set it up as a national ritual by utilizing a ritual guide 儀軌, foding zunsheng tuoluoni niansong yiguifa 佛頂尊勝陀羅尼念誦 儀軌法 translated by Amoghavajra.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There weren't many but there were few rituals that actually reflected the natural content of the scripture”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They established it because a civil war was predicted according to the astrological judgment of the times.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was an imperial order issued to order Buddhist monks across the whole country to chant Zunsheng Dhāranī in the 11th year of Dali (776).”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many of the Zunsheng Dhāranī stone poles found in China were established to pray for the repose of the deceased parents or other family members.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The types of Śūraṃgama-sūtra faith of Goryeo share many common features with those of China.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > KIM: "ESOTERIC BUDDHISM" | 195
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Buljeong-sojae-doryang 佛頂消災道場 (Ritual of Zunsheng foding for averting calamities) was established at temple Chongji 摠持寺, the head temple of Chongji-jong, in the 16th year of King Myeongjong's reign (1186).”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“they published many different kinds of Beomseochongji-jip in Goryeo.53”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [53]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, China was not without Zunsheng Dhāranī faith for the country.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“temple Suseon got involved in Beomseo-chongji-jip published in the 15th year of King Gojong's reign.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Buljeong-sojae-doryang was a type of Sojae-doryang 消災道場 (Ritual for averting calamities) to attract good luck and repel disaster according to abnormal changes to the location or light of stars.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Buljeong-hoe 佛頂會 (Ritual of Zunsheng foding) was held at temple Boguk 補國寺 for the deceased King Gongmin in the 12th year of King U's reign(1386), 46”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No Sojae-doryang was established at temple Chongji throughout the history of Goryeo”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“there were two esoteric sects, Chongji-jong 摠持宗 and Sinin-jong 神印宗, in early Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“there were attempts at understanding the esoteric ideology, which is checked in Beomseo-chongji-ip 梵書摠持集 published during Goryeo era.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A catalogue of epigraphs written in Qing 淸 Dynasty, Baqiongshi jinshi buzheng 八瓊室金石補正 contains a good number of stone poles.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, there are no stone poles on which Dafoding Dhāranī is engraved except for one from Tang.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An esoteric Buddhist monk of Tang, Amoghavajra 不空 (705-774) handpicked 27 Buddhist monks and chanted Zunsheng Dhāranī with them for the country in the fifth year of Dali 大曆 (770).”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In China, on the contrary, the Zunsheng Dhāranī faith sought after a mass for the dead in most cases.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“it was established to eliminate wars and natural disasters to damage the well-being of the country.45”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There remain total six stone poles and monument of Dafoding Dhāranī from Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“There is a rubbed copy of the Zunsheng Dhāranī stone pole at temple Gwangpyeong 廣平寺 in Pyeonggang, Gangwon Province holded at National Museum of Korea even though the actual stone pole is in existence no longer.47”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mantras of the same content were titled Staying Siddhi Mantra 蘇悉地眞言, Entering Siddhi Mantra 入悉地眞言, and Leaving Siddhi Mantra 出悉地眞言 (these three mantras are called 'Three Kinds of Siddhi Mantra 三悉地眞言') in a different version of Beomseochongji-jip published during the reign of King Uijong.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In Goryeo, they believed that they would be able to enter dhyāna 禪定 just by learning Dhāranī by heart, 52”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [52]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The esoteric sects created in early Goryeo continued on until early Joseon with each of them managing to maintain their existence by transforming themselves according to the changes of the times.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The biggest difference between them is whether the stone poles contain the names of those who participated in and made donations for the stone pole creation project.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Goryeo, there was a strong trend of practicing both Zen and Esoteric Buddhism.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
boostedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In fact, it has six other kinds of Dhāranī including Zunsheng Dhāranī and Dabei Dhāranī 大悲呪 engraved on it in addition to Dafoding Dhāranī.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“King Gojong's reign (1228) was published by the temple Suseon line, a Zen sect.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Judging from that it was a catalogue to publish a Gyojang 敎藏 (Collection of Annotation books), it can be said that the 28 annotation books of Śūraṃgama-sūtra were introduced in Goryeo during his time.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dafoding Dhāranī stone poles were set up in large numbers in Goryeo as the prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra faith that continued on since the former half of Goryeo was combined with the Zen sects' active position about Dhāranī”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Abstract
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Judging from the phrases cited from Śūraṃgama-sūtra in the stūpa inscription of Jijeung Doheon 智證道憲 (824-882), 18 it is estimated that it was introduced and circulated at late Shilla at the latest.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [19]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Installing Baisangai was to represent Baisangai foding, which is why the event should also be regarded as a ritual based on Śūraṃgama-sūtra.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Korean
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it is very likely that the royal family or the government established a ritual related to Śūraṃgama-sūtra, given that the neidaochang was the place where they chanted the Buddhist scriptures and held rituals at the court for the well-being of the country”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Korean
hedgedstates a possible causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The ideological origin of its creation can be found in Foding zunsheng tuoluoni jing 佛頂尊勝陀羅尼經 translated by Buddhapālita 佛陀波利:”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Buddhapālita 佛陀波利, Foding zunsheng tuoluoni jing 佛頂尊勝陀羅尼經, Taishō Shinshū Daizyōkyō 大正新修大藏經 (Newly Edited Tripitaka from Taishō Era) 19 (Tokyō: Daizyō Shyuppan Daisya, 1924-36), 351b.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rituals related to Śūraṃgama-sūtra are in the same context.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Judging from the quotes in A above, it is believed that his Ganhwa-seon was formed through Śūraṃgama-sūtra.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
hedgedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The case demonstrates that Neungeom-hoe that originated in Song China in the former half of the 12th century was introduced in Goryeo in the first half of the 13th century at the latest.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
boostedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Those cases confirm the fact that the scripture was published to hold a mass for the dead, as well.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“That is, the goal was to attract good luck and repel disaster according to changes to the location or light of a star, being dependent on the good deeds of Dafoding Dhāranī known to beat off the calamity of a bad star.37”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kim, "History of Esoteric Buddhism in Goryeo," 119
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fact that the scripture was used in the logic of criticizing Buddhism demonstrates the prevalence of the scripture.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
boostedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since winter vārşika fell in the period of abstinent asceticism at a Buddhist temple like summer vārşika, it is estimated that Neungeom-hoe was established even before winter vārşika.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“His writings confirm once again that Śūraṃgama-sūtra was widely spread in Goryeo society those days.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
boostedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As Bojo Jinul 普照知訥 (1158-1210) and Muuija Hyesim 無衣子慧諶 (1178-1234) of temple Suseon 修禪社 took Śūraṃgama-sūtra as part of the ideological foundation of Ganhwa-seon, the scripture enjoyed an even more spreading trend in the second half of Goryeo when the Zen style of temple Suseon dominated.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“As Śūraṃgamasūtra was accepted by Yi Ja-hyeon as a theoretical book on Zen, it was actively distributed as a scripture on which Ganhwa-seon was based.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [22]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is highly likely that the temple Suseon line, which was active to utilize Dhāranī and had a profound understanding of the esoteric ideologies, paid more attention to Dafoding Dhāranī than any other groups.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is thus estimated that temple Buljeong, in which the Dafoding Dhāranī stone pole of Yongcheon was originally set up, must have been in the line of Chongji-jong.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the creation of Dafoding Dhāranī stone poles must have been led by Esoteric Buddhism in the former half of Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
hedgedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the three types of faith, the last one involving the establishment of Dhāranī stone poles offer some hints at the cross-cultural transfiguration of Śūraṃgamasūtra faith.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > KIM: "ESOTERIC BUDDHISM" | 195
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As the line took a leading role in the ideological community in the second half of Goryeo, Śūraṃgama-sūtra and Dafoding Dhāranī must have been spread more broadly among laities.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The Suseon line held a leading position in the ideological community in the second half of Goryeo.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The numbers only cover the stone poles on which Zunsheng Dhāranī was engraved alone.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“establishment of Zunsheng Dhāranī stone pole itself is not the way to eliminate these national disasters.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Buljeong-doryang 佛頂道場 (Ritual of Zunsheng foding 尊勝佛頂) was related to Foding zunsheng tuoluoni jing”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A close look at them, however, reveals that even the same faith would vary in content according to the ideological flows and characteristics of society.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > KIM: "ESOTERIC BUDDHISM" | 195
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Those cases pose a huge possibility that Dafoding Dhāranī stone poles were usually set up by Buddhist temples in the former half of Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One example of the latter is the establishment of Dafoding Dhāranī stone poles.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Considering that there are total seven or eight stone poles and monuments on which Dhāranī was engraved from Goryeo, 44 one can say that engraving Dafoding Dhāranī was a trend of stone pole creation during Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Rests on an assumption: The surviving Goryeo stone poles and monuments are representative of the overall historical trend of Goryeo stone pole creation.
- Rests on an assumption: The dates and identifications of the stone poles, monuments, and stūpas listed in the table are reliable.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“And Śūraṃgama-sūtra was one of the important theoretical bases for temple Suseon line.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Setting up stole poles on which Dafoding Dhāranī was engraved was an act according to esoteric faith”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“would have a difficult time taking root in Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The Zunsheng Dhāranī stone pole faith holds that a stone pole and falling dust can erase sins that would otherwise lead to hell.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It was intended to increase the effects of Sojae-doryang established to attract good luck and repel disaster according to changes to the location or light of a star by adding the power of 'Foding.'”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Those facts attest to the recitation of Zunsheng Dhāranī at the national level in the second half of the 8th century.49”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [49]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“There is a record in Dongjing menghua lu 東京夢華錄 covering the social aspects of Song, saying that they printed and sold Foding zunsheng tuoluoni jing for the dead during the Festival of the Hungary Ghosts, when they believed that the souls of the dead would come back.48”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [48]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The case clearly indicates that stone poles of Zunsheng Dhāranī were also set up.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
boostedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stone poles not accompanied by such content were set up for public purposes.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Personal stone pole dedications would list wishes and originators' names.
In the paper
“Those cases indicate that the Buddhist priests of the Zen sect must have had considerable knowledge about the esoteric ideologies and scriptures during Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kim, "History of Esoteric Buddhism in Goryeo," 105-8.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the tendency of Zunsheng Dhāranī faith during Goryeo, which was manifested in the national Buddhist rituals in most cases.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Including the same Dhāranī in the book, they must have made a transformation of replacing the three-class Siddhi Mantra whose title was unfamiliar to them with Trikāya Mantra.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The title of the three-class Siddhi Mantra was unfamiliar to the Zen sect.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One of the consequences was the establishment of personal stone poles like the Dafoding Dhāranī stone pole of Pyeongyang in late Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“China had a very different one from Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Once the ones with other kinds of Dhāranī engraved along with Zunsheng Dhāranī are taken into consideration, the stone poles on which Zunsheng Dhāranī is engraved will make a considerable increase in number.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“which raises a possibility that Dhāranī stone poles were established as a symbol of Buddhist temple since the word 'Foding' is found both in the name of the temple Buljeong and that of the Dafoding Dhāranī stone pole.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
hedgedstates a possible causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Considering that Foding zunsheng tuoluoni jing preaching Zunsheng Dhāranī offered clues for the faith of stone pole creation, such a trend of stone pole creation in China seems only natural.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“but Buljeong-doryang developed in a little different direction from it in Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 51
- It may state two separate claims as one. 67
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first annotation book of the scripture appeared in the first year of Suzong 肅宗 Zhide 至德 of Tang Dynasty (756).”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Korean
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It is also said that Shenxiu 神秀 (606-706) of Beizong chan 北宗禪 (Korean < Bukjong-seon) read Śūraṃgama-sūtra at the neidaochang 內道場 (Korean < naedoryang, temple in the palace) during Wu Zetian 武則天.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Korean
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [15]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it has the ideological features whose frame is based on harmony with Tiantai, Huayan, Esoteric Buddhism, 5 Beop-hye Choi paid attention to the fact that the translators of Śūraṃgama-sūtra were recorded differently”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > I. INTRODUCTION
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are no clear records about when Śūraṃgama-sūtra was first transmitted to Korea.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are some differences in Śūraṃgama-sūtra faith between China and Korea.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > I. INTRODUCTION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Differences between Chinese and Korean forms of Śūraṃgama-sūtra faith reflect cross-cultural transfiguration.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As the scripture encompassed a variety of ideologies, many different sects placed importance on it.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Korean
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While it was the common practice to engrave Zunsheng Dhāranī in China, the number of stone poles on which Dafoding Dhāranī was engraved was overwhelmingly large.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Abstract
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Jingyuan learned Śūraṃgamasūtra from his master Zixuan 子璿 (965-1038) and developed an understanding of the scripture profound enough to write an annotation book himself.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“According to the book, Lengyan hui is a ritual carried out during the settlement of summer vārşika 夏安居.It was held for Buddhist monks to form a Lengyan platform 楞嚴壇, gather and chant Dafoding Dhāranī, and wish that vārşika would end without any accidents.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Korean
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Guifeng Zongmi 圭峰宗密 (780-841), who argued for the unification of Zen and non-Zen, enjoyed quoting from the scripture in the Huayan zong”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Korean
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is said that he took interest in Śūraṃgama-sūtra through his exchanges with Jingyuan 淨源 (1011-1088), a Buddhist monk of Huayan zong in Song Dynasty.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In China, Śūraṃgama-sūtra was broadly read regardless of the clergy and the laity.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Korean
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After they were transmitted to the Korean Peninsula, literary scholars as well as many Buddhist monks showed active interest in them, which illustrates their massive ripple effects during Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > I. INTRODUCTION
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the seventh year of Shizu 世祖 Zhiyuan 至元 of Yuan (1270), he placed a Baisangai or a white parasol on the royal throne at Daming dian 大明殿, wrote the Sanskrit characters in gold, and prayed for the submission of devil and the well-being of the country.Since then, the event was held on February 15 annually, and it was called Baisangai Buddhist service 白傘蓋佛事.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Korean
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [17]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the Zen sects had a deep non-Zen understanding of Esoteric Buddhism and tended to practice Dhāranī in Goryeo”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Abstract
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it was written in consultation of many Mahayana scriptures including Avataṃsaka-sūtra 華嚴經, Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-sūtra 法華經, Vimalakīrtinirdeśa 維摩經, and Prajñāpāramitā-sūtra 般若經”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > I. INTRODUCTION
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Yongming Yanshou 永明延壽 (904-975), a monk of Fayan zong 法眼宗 (Korean < Beoban-jong), which is a denomination of the Zen sect, quoted 66 items from the scripture in his representative work Zongjing lu 宗鏡錄.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Korean
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Naturally he desperately wanted to get his hands on a copy only to enter nirvana without having his wish realized.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Korean
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [8]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Uicheon paid respects to his tower.Seeing the dismal surroundings of the collapsed tower, he exhibited deep interest enough to give alms of platinum for its repair and enlargement.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Zixuan was called Lengyan dashi 楞嚴大師 and wrote 20 volumes of Lengyanjing yishuzhu jing 楞嚴經義疏注經.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Under a commission from the king, he went out in the mountains and gave a special Neungeom-ganghoe 楞嚴講會 (Ritual of lecture in Śūraṃgama-sūtra) in the third year of Xuanhe 宣和 (the 16th year of King Yejong's reign of Goryeo, 1121).Many scholars from all over the places gathered together to listen to his lecture.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The Baeksangae-doryang(Ritual of Baisangai foding) established at temple Gwangam (#8) sought after a public goal of eliminating natural disasters and had the honor of the king's personal participation.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [34]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The oldest one found in records was created in the fifth year of Kaihuang 開皇's rule of Sui 隋 Dynasty (585), and the oldest remaining one was created in the first year of Yongchang 永昌's rule of Tang (689).”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A survey of 1958 reported that there were 142 stone poles in the single province of Shanxi 陝西省.41”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Huifang Zhong, "Zhuangkao (A Study on Poles)," Studies in National Arts 1999, no. 5, 25.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There remain many pagodas on which Dafoding Dhāranī is engraved, as well.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neungeom-beopseok of temple Changbok was a ritual held at the level of Buddhist temples, but there were Śūraṃgama-sūtra rituals mostly related to the country or royal family.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“After the purge was over, he made another trip to Yuan in December of the same year to further solidify his authority supported by the dynasty.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Goryeo-sa
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many stone poles with Dhāranī engraved on them were set up to receive such good deeds.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many literary scholars gathered to study under him, and the culture of Gṛhapati Buddhism settled down in Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Goryeo also accepted the faith of stone pole creation and built stone poles.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“and so were the Neungeom-doryang (Ritual of Śūraṃgama-sūtra) of temple Monggye (#6) and Neungeom-beopseok of temple Baengnyeon (#7) established by Bohwan.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [33]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The faith was manifested in the forms of engraving Dhāranī on a stone pole and publishing a book with other kinds of Dhāranī.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Influenced by Ja-hyeon Yi, Tanyeon, a Buddhist monk of Imjaejong 臨濟宗, had exchanges with Jiehuan.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He usually enjoyed reading the scripture and learned the entire scripture by heart.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although Chixiu Baizhang qinggui states that Lengyan hui was held during summer vārşika, Neungeombeopseok of temple Changbok was established during the settlement of winter vārşika.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In fact, he often mentioned it in his poetry and talked about it with other literary scholars.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It was said that they could be safe from all kinds of poison and ominous incantation, repel all types of sin and disaster, and beat the calamity of bad stars by possessing or citing Dafoding Dhāranī that took the central place in such rituals.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Bohwan gave a lecture on Jiehuan's annotation book of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in 1265 and wrote this book by sorting out the parts whose meanings were ambiguous or whose descriptions were unclear in the annotation book and adding supplementations for them for the lecture.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A Buddhist monk from India, Dyānabhadra entered Yuan during the rule of Taidingdi 泰定帝.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is Gyu-bo Yi 李奎報 (1168-1241) that made noticeable moves regarding Śūraṃgama-sūtra after Ja-hyeon Yi.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He asked the emperor to help him visit Mt.Geumgang 金剛山 and arrived in Gaegyeong of Goryeo in March of the third year of Taiding 泰定's rule.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The Yuan-friendly group including Da-gu Hong 洪茶丘 (1244-1291) and the favorite subjects of King Wonjong that lost power after the enthronement of King Chungnyeol accused him of planning treason against Yuan, which eventually summoned King Chungnyeol and Da-gu Hong and crossexamined them.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Goryeo-sa
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The first one is Neungeom-beopseok (Ritual of Śūraṃgama-sūtra) of temple Changbok (#4), which was established before winter vārşika 冬安居 began and the same as the Lengyan hui (Korean < Neungeom-hoe) in Chixiu Baizhang qinggui.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Goryeo-sa records that the king left for Yuan around the middle of the month, before which he already visited Yuan from April to September to resolve Bang-gyeong Kim 金方慶 (1212-1300)'s incident of false accusation.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Goryeo-sa
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The king gave his explanations at the royal court of Yuan, which sided with him.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Goryeo-sa
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A majority of such rituals were related to the country and royal family because of the basic nature of Buddhist rituals in Goryeo, during which the national Buddhist rituals were established under the goal of overcoming national difficulties with the power of Buddha.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“After returning to Gaegyeong 開京, the capital city of Goryeo in September, he purged the Yuan-friendly group and the favorite subjects of King Wonjong and accordingly was able to solidify his own authority in the country.38”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Goryeo-sa
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The founding father of Joseon 朝鮮 Dynasty, Seong-gye Yi 李成桂 (1335-1408) built Deokan-jeon 德安殿 and spent quiet days of Buddhānusmṛti Samādhi 念佛三昧 there in his later years, enshrining the scripture under the east eaves of the building.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Such rituals were established at the palace in the sixth year of King Seonjong's reign (#1) and the tenth year of King Myeongjong's reign (#3), and even the kings participated in them.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [31]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“they published the scripture in several occasions including the first year of King Chungseon 忠宣王's reign (1309) and the 5th, 19th, and 21st year of King Gongmin 恭愍王's reign (1356, 1370, 1372), and the versions still remain as artifacts.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [25]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Strictly speaking, it is not an annotation book of the scripture itself.Rather it corrected the wrong parts in Lengyan jing yaojie 楞嚴經要解, an annotation book of Śūraṃgama-sūtra by Jiehuan 戒環 (?-?), a Buddhist monk of Song China.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A non-regular Buddhist ritual that was held the fourth most times during Goryeo, Buljeong-doryang”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Introduced from China, Śūraṃgama-sūtra became prevalent throughout Goryeo regardless of the clergy and the laity with the accompanying development of various types of faith.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The Dhāranī stone pole of Yongcheon was originally set up at temple Buljeong 佛頂寺 and later moved to the current loca-tion,foot_11”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites foot_11
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are three stone poles of Dafoding Dhāranī from the former half of Goryeo and another three from the latter half of Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Zunsheng Dhāranī 尊勝陀羅尼 (Korean-Jonseung Dhāranī) was engraved in 39 of 57 stone poles from Tang, eight of ten from Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國, 17 of 23 from Song, and all three from Liao.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three Kinds of Siddhi Mantra whose title was changed to Trikāya Mantra in the version published in the 15th year of King Gojong's reign contains the mantras about the adversities of Śubhakarasiṃha 善無畏 (637-735), an Esoteric Buddhist monk in Tang China.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Learning Dhāranī by heart in a Zen sect is not, of course, unique to Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Its translation into Chinese was the work of 'Goryeo-guk Dyānabhadra 高麗國 指空' and incorporated into the Tripitaka published later.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It presents Dharmakāya Mantra 法身眞言, Saṃbhogakāya Mantra 報身眞言, and Nirmāṃakāya Mantra 化身眞言 (these three mantras are called 'Trikāya Mantra 三身眞言') at the very beginning.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“There is no list of names on the stone poles that have been kept intact in Haeju and Yongcheon since the former half of Goryeo, whereas the pieces of the Dhāranī stone pole in Peongyang from the latter half of Goryeo have the names of originators.50”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [50]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The esoteric sects disappeared in China after Tang with the Dhāranī faith and rituals absorbed into the faith of other sects.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Goryeo, however, stone poles on which Dafoding Dhāranī was engraved were overwhelming in number, whose reasons were found in the flow of Buddhist ideologies in Goryeo in the present study.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > KIM: "ESOTERIC BUDDHISM" | 195
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The researches on the transmission and popularity of Śūraṃgama-sūtra during Goryeo Dynasty found that the scripture was transmitted in the Late Shilla and became prevalent during Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > I. INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Dafoding Dhāranī stone pole of Yongcheon 龍川 is estimated to have been set up in 1027, which means that Śūraṃgama-sūtra faith started in the early 11th century.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
hedgedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Written in China, the Buddhist scripture has various Buddhist ideologies including Huayan 華嚴 (Korean < Hwaeom), Esoteric Buddhism, Tiantai 天台 (Korean < Cheontae), and Zen 禪 (Korean < Seon) melted in them.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > I. INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“there was a tendency of Zunsheng Dhāranī being worshiped at the national level in Goryeo, which probably explains why the percentage of Zunsheng Dhāranī stone poles designed to pray for a personal mass for the dead by engraving Dhāranī on a stone pole was considerably low”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Abstract
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Śūraṃgama-sūtra is considered to have exerted the biggest influences on Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasty with Yuanjue jing 圓覺經 having the greatest impacts on Buddhism during Tang Dynasty.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Korean
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“it is the dominant opinion that Śūraṃgama-sūtra was written in Chinese from the beginning”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > I. INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The popularity of publications on Baisangai foding among common people continued even in Song Dynasty, which indicates that the faith for the high formality did not fall away.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Korean
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“there were esoteric sects in Goryeo, and it is estimated that they must have got involved in the establishment of Dafoding Dhāranī stone poles in the former half of Goryeo”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Abstract
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It states that one can have his or her sins disappear by writing and enshrining Dhāranī in a stone pole and then looking at the pole, having its shadow touch him or her, or even having a dust on top of the pole where the Dhāranī is enshrined travel and touch his or her body by a wind.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Buddhapālita 佛陀波利, Foding zunsheng tuoluoni jing 佛頂尊勝陀羅尼經, Taishō Shinshū Daizyōkyō 大正新修大藏經 (Newly Edited Tripitaka from Taishō Era) 19 (Tokyō: Daizyō Shyuppan Daisya, 1924-36), 351b.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Those data show that the founding father of Joseon and also former Goryeo person placed importance on the scripture, which seems to have reflected the atmosphere in late Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > 2. Introduction and Prevalence of Śūraṃgama-sūtra in Goryeo
hedgedstates a possible causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are no traces to indicate that the annotation books of Śūraṃgama-sūtra were used in Zen meditation at the level of Ja-hyeon Yi, and it is esti-mated that Jiehuan's annotation book was accepted as a commentary on the trends of Zen sect at the level of Tanyeon.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > III. THREE TYPES OF ŚŪRAṂGAMA-SŪTRA FAITH IN GORYEO
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It was the most fundamental characteristic of Goryeo's Buddhist rituals to pray for the well-being of the country to the virtue of scriptures, and the rituals related to Śūraṃgama-sūtra shared it, as well.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A stone pole involves engraving lines from scriptures in a stone column.Its formation was another act of faith that originated in China.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since he was about to leave for Yuan in the middle of those events, he had the Neungeombeopseok established and prayed for peace and profit as well as no more calamity.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > Geondeok-jeon 乾德殿
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Lengyan hui in Chixiu Baizhang qinggui, for instance, was an event for setting up a platform and memorizing Dafoding Dhāranī and had the nature of an esoteric ritual.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it was a special occasion that Buljeong-sojae-doryang was established at the temple, which was probably because the temple played a pivotal role in the Foding faith.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
hedgedstates a possible causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It was only natural to accept the influences of China for Goryeo that belonged to the cultural zone of East Asia and had exchanges with China in it.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > KIM: "ESOTERIC BUDDHISM" | 195
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The cases of Goryeo went further than that by a step: not only did they pray for good deeds in Lengyan hui (Neungeom-hoe), but they also used Dhāranī for their meditations.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, all ideologies are transformed, take root, or even get discarded in communication with the society of the times.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > KIM: "ESOTERIC BUDDHISM" | 195
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“The three-class Siddhi mantra was the Siddhi obtained on the premise of esoteric asceticism.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Suh, The History of Korean Esoteric Buddhist Thought, 154.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These disasters can be avoided only by the rituals with accurate ritual guide.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The solid existence of esoteric sects was combined with the atmosphere of the times when Śūraṃgama-sūtra started to stand in the limelight, which marked the beginning of Dafoding Dhāranī stone poles.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Buddhism of Goryeo inherited Buddhism of Shilla and developed its form through its exchanges with Buddhism of China including Tang, Song, Liao, Jin, and Yuan, which is well illustrated in Śūraṃgama-sūtra faith during Goryeo.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > KIM: "ESOTERIC BUDDHISM" | 195
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Esoteric Buddhism was on a complete decline since Tang in China because Huichang fanan 會昌法難 (845) caused damage to the mandalas and dharma instruments to an irreparable degree.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to the scripture, Staying Siddhi, Entering Siddhi, and Leaving Siddhi correspond to the high, middle, and low class Siddhi, respectively.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“they must have preferred Dafoding Dhāranī stone poles to eliminate calamities and help with asceticism to Zunsheng Dhāranī ones to talk about a personal good deed of mass for the dead.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although it does not encompass all the epigraphs of China, it is good enough to figure out the trend of stone pole creation.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The Qing catalogue Baqiongshi jinshi buzheng, though incomplete, is representative enough of Chinese stone pole creation to infer its overall trend.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since Trikāya made often appearances in doctrines other than Esoteric Buddhism, the Zen sect would have experienced no problem with using it.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Trikāya frequently appeared in doctrines outside Esoteric Buddhism.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A look at the overall faith trends of Foding zunsheng tuoluoni jing, however, clearly shows that while China focused on holding a mass for the dead, Goryeo mainly set out to avoid national disasters.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
boostedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“to eliminate wars, monks in blue or black have to face south and decorate the platform in blue or black color; to eliminate epidemics, monks in white have to face north and make the white platform round.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The scripture introduced the mantras of the three-class Siddhi and naturally incorporated each part of Trikāya-three kinds Siddhi-human body based on them.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Suh, The History of Korean Esoteric Buddhist Thought, 154.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some of them accepted the Chinese types of faith as they were, and others took the original forms of Goryeo faith.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Beomseo-chongji-jip is a collection of Dhāranī written in Sanskrit”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“which talks about the charity of eliminating heavy sins that will guarantee a place in hell”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Siddhi was divided into three classes, which made up the three-class Siddhi.”
§ Esoteric Buddhism and the Cross-cultural Transfiguration of Śūraṃgama-sūtra Faith in Goryeo > IV. TRANSFIGURATION: ESTABLISHMENT OF DAFODING DHĀRANĪ STONE POLES AND ITS REASON
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Suh, The History of Korean Esoteric Buddhist Thought, 154.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
Differences between Chinese and Korean forms of Śūraṃgama-sūtra faith reflect cross-cultural transfiguration.
“Judging that those differences reflected transfiguration, the investigator decided to examine them indepth.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The surviving Goryeo stone poles and monuments are representative of the overall historical trend of Goryeo stone pole creation.
“Considering that there are total seven or eight stone poles and monuments on which Dhāranī was engraved from Goryeo, 44 one can say that engraving Dafoding Dhāranī was a trend of stone pole creation during Goryeo.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Qing catalogue Baqiongshi jinshi buzheng, though incomplete, is representative enough of Chinese stone pole creation to infer its overall trend.
“Although it does not encompass all the epigraphs of China, it is good enough to figure out the trend of stone pole creation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The dates and identifications of the stone poles, monuments, and stūpas listed in the table are reliable.
“1 Yongcheon 龍川 Seongdong-ri 城東里 Dafoding Dhāranī Stone Pole 1027 (estimation)”
The paper relies on this without support.
Personal stone pole dedications would list wishes and originators' names.
“Personal ones would certainly list the wishes and call the names of originators at the last moment.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Buddhist services usually aimed at praying for good deeds.
“A Buddhist service was usually to pray for good deeds.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Zunsheng Dhāranī stone pole faith holds that a stone pole and falling dust can erase sins that would otherwise lead to hell.
“which states that people can make their sins that will guarantee them a place in hell disappear just by setting a stone pole and having a dust from it fall on their bodies”
The paper relies on this without support.
Śūraṃgama-sūtra was composed in China in the early 8th century and blends Huayan, Esoteric Buddhist, Tiantai, and Zen ideas.
“Śūraṃgama-sūtra is a Buddhist scripture written in China in the early 8th century with various Buddhist ideologies including Huayan, Esoteric Buddhism, Tiantai, and Zen melted in it.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The scripture reached the Korean Peninsula in late Shilla, and from then on scholars and many monks took active interest in it.
“The scripture was transmitted to the Korean Peninsula in late Shilla, since when literary scholars as well as many Buddhist monks showed active interest in the scripture.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Dhāranī stone poles originated in China, where engraving Zunsheng Dhāranī was the usual practice.
“Establishing Dhāranī stone pole itself was a type of faith that originated in China, but it was the common practice to engrave Zunsheng Dhāranī in China.”
The paper relies on this without support.
After its introduction in late Shilla, Śūraṃgama-sūtra gained attention and became widespread in early Goryeo.
“Introduced in the Korean Peninsula in late Shilla, Śūraṃgama-sūtra attracted attention and prevailed in the former half of Goryeo.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Trikāya frequently appeared in doctrines outside Esoteric Buddhism.
“Since Trikāya made often appearances in doctrines other than Esoteric Buddhism, the Zen sect would have experienced no problem with using it.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The title of the three-class Siddhi Mantra was unfamiliar to the Zen sect.
“Including the same Dhāranī in the book, they must have made a transformation of replacing the three-class Siddhi Mantra whose title was unfamiliar to them with Trikāya Mantra.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Suseon line held a leading position in the ideological community in the second half of Goryeo.
“As the line took a leading role in the ideological community in the second half of Goryeo, Śūraṃgama-sūtra and Dafoding Dhāranī must have been spread more broadly among laities.”
Citations
Cites
Untitled work
(1997) · Journal of the Korean Buddhist Research Institution
UnresolvedUntitled work
(0) · Suneungeom-gyeong Hwanhae Sanbo-gi, Hanguk Bulkyo Jeonseo
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Confucianesimo e Sciamanesimo nel medio periodo Koryŏ: dinamiche di uno scontro
Campa, M. (2023) · RAPHISA REVISTA DE ANTROPOLOGÍA Y FILOSOFÍA DE LO SAGRADO · doi:10.24310/raphisa.7.2.2023.17633
Metadata
- Authors
- Kim, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Sooyoun
- ORCID
- Kim, Sooyoun
- Venue
- The Asian review of World Histories
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2014-07-31
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 169-195
- ISSN
- 2287-965X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2313020994
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Asian review of World Histories (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Indian and Buddhist Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Chinese history and philosophy
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Study and Philosophy of Religion
- Keywords
- esoteric Buddhism, Goryeo dynasty, Buddhist ritual, Zen Buddhism, cross-cultural transmission, East Asian Buddhism, Buddhist iconography
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-04, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-04 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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