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Cited by 315

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Workshop to identify critical windows of exposure for children's health: immune and respiratory systems work group summary.

Open access
Dietert, R R, Etzel, R A, Chen, D, Halonen, M, Holladay, S D, Jarabek, A M, Landreth, K, Peden, D B, Pinkerton, K, Smialowicz, R J, Zoetis, T·2000·Environmental Health Perspectives

Abstract

Fetuses, infants, and juveniles (preadults) should not be considered simply "small adults" when it comes to toxicological risk. We present specific examples of developmental toxicants that are more toxic to children than to adults, focusing on effects on the immune and respiratory systems. We describe differences in both the pharmacokinetics of the developing immune and respiratory systems as well as changes in target organ sensitivities to toxicants. Differential windows of vulnerability during development are identified in the context of available animal models. We provide specific approaches to directly investigate differential windows of vulnerability. These approaches are based on fundamental developmental biology and the existence of discrete developmental processes within the immune and respiratory systems. The processes are likely to influence differential developmental susceptibility to toxicants, resulting in lifelong toxicological changes. We also provide a template for comparative research. Finally, we discuss the application of these data to risk assessment.

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Crossref · 10.1289/ehp.00108s3483

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Metadata

Authors
Dietert, R. R., Etzel, R. A., Chen, D., Halonen, M., Holladay, S. D., Jarabek, A. M., Landreth, K., Peden, D. B., Pinkerton, K., Smialowicz, R. J., & Zoetis, T.
Venue
Environmental Health Perspectives
Published
2000-06
Volume
108
Issue
suppl 3
Pages
483-490
ISSN
  • 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-9924
OpenAlex
W2048942183
Cited by
315
References
1
FWCI
2.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Workshop to identify critical windows of exposure for children's health: immune and respiratory systems work group summary. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1289/ehp.00108s3483
The paper
Dietert, R. R., Etzel, R. A., Chen, D., Halonen, M., Holladay, S. D., Jarabek, A. M., Landreth, K., Peden, D. B., Pinkerton, K., Smialowicz, R. J., & Zoetis, T. (2000). Workshop to identify critical windows of exposure for children's health: immune and respiratory systems work group summary. Environmental Health Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.00108s3483

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.