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Organophosphorus pesticide exposure of urban and suburban preschool children with organic and conventional diets.
Open accessAbstract
We assessed organophosphorus (OP) pesticide exposure from diet by biological monitoring among Seattle, Washington, preschool children. Parents kept food diaries for 3 days before urine collection, and they distinguished organic and conventional foods based on label information. Children were then classified as having consumed either organic or conventional diets based on analysis of the diary data. Residential pesticide use was also recorded for each home. We collected 24-hr urine samples from 18 children with organic diets and 21 children with conventional diets and analyzed them for five OP pesticide metabolites. We found significantly higher median concentrations of total dimethyl alkylphosphate metabolites than total diethyl alkylphosphate metabolites (0.06 and 0.02 micro mol/L, respectively; p = 0.0001). The median total dimethyl metabolite concentration was approximately six times higher for children with conventional diets than for children with organic diets (0.17 and 0.03 micro mol/L; p = 0.0003); mean concentrations differed by a factor of nine (0.34 and 0.04 micro mol/L). We calculated dose estimates from urinary dimethyl metabolites and from agricultural pesticide use data, assuming that all exposure came from a single pesticide. The dose estimates suggest that consumption of organic fruits, vegetables, and juice can reduce children's exposure levels from above to below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's current guidelines, thereby shifting exposures from a range of uncertain risk to a range of negligible risk. Consumption of organic produce appears to provide a relatively simple way for parents to reduce their children's exposure to OP pesticides.
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“However, there is increasing evidence and more widespread acceptance that the consumption of organic foods is likely to reduce exposure to pesticide residues( 21 , 23 , 24 ).”
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“This supports previous studies that have concluded that organic food consumption can reduce exposure to pesticide residues( 21 – 23 ).”
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Organic agriculture in the twenty-first century
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“This supports previous studies that have concluded that organic food consumption can reduce exposure to pesticide residues (21–23) .”
Are Organic Foods Safer or Healthier Than Conventional Alternatives?: A Systematic Review
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Pesticides in the urban environment: A potential threat that knocks at the door
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Metadata
- Authors
- Curl, C. L., Fenske, R. A., & Elgethun, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- ORCID
- Curl, Cynthia L
- Venue
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2003-03-01
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 377-382
- ISSN
- 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-9924
- PMC
- PMC1241395
- OpenAlex
- W2069073623
- Cited by
- 322
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 18.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 5417 d)
- Locations
- Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U07/CCU102926)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P01ES009601)
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Keywords
- organophosphorus pesticides, dietary pesticide exposure, organic food, conventional food, preschool children, urinary metabolites, residential pesticide use, dose estimation, food diary
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Child, Preschool, Diet, Environmental Exposure, Female, Food Contamination, Fruit, Humans, Insecticides, Male, Organophosphorus Compounds, Urban Population, Vegetables, Food, Organic
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