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Cited by 83Occupational and environmental lung diseasesCoal and Its By-productsIndustrial and Mining Safety

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Mapping and Prediction of Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis with Bioavailable Iron Content in the Bituminous Coals

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Huang, Xi, Li, Weihong, Attfield, Michael D., Nádas, Arthur, Frenkel, Krystyna, Finkelman, Robert B.·2005·Environmental Health Perspectives
DOI 10.1289/ehp.7679PMC PMC1280334
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Abstract

Based on the first National Study of Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis (CWP) and the U.S. Geological Survey database of coal quality, we show that the prevalence of CWP in seven coal mine regions correlates with levels of bioavailable iron (BAI) in the coals from that particular region (correlation coefficient r = 0.94, p < 0.0015). CWP prevalence is also correlated with contents of pyritic sulfur (r = 0.91, p < 0.0048) or total iron (r = 0.85, p < 0.016) but not with coal rank (r = 0.59, p < 0.16) or silica (r = 0.28, p < 0.54). BAI was calculated using our model, taking into account chemical interactions of pyrite, sulfuric acid, calcite, and total iron. That is, iron present in coals can become bioavailable by pyrite oxidation, which produces ferrous sulfate and sulfuric acid. Calcite is the major component in coals that neutralizes the available acid and inhibits iron’s bioavailability. Therefore, levels of BAI in the coals are determined by the available amounts of acid after neutralization of calcite and the amount of total iron in the coals. Using the linear fit of CWP prevalence and the calculated BAI in the seven coal mine regions, we have derived and mapped the pneumoconiotic potencies of 7,000 coal samples. Our studies indicate that levels of BAI in the coals may be used to predict coal’s toxicity, even before large-scale mining.

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  1. Amoudru, 1987, Les pneumoconioses—dimension actuelle des problemes, Colloque INSERM, 155, 3

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Metadata

Authors
Huang, X., Li, W., Attfield, M. D., Nádas, A., Frenkel, K., & Finkelman, R. B.
Affiliations
  • New York University (US)
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
  • Department of Environmental Medicine and NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
  • United States Geological Survey (US)
ORCID
Venue
Environmental Health Perspectives
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2005-04-15
Volume
113
Issue
8
Pages
964-968
ISSN
  • 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-9924
DOI
10.1289/ehp.7679
PMC
PMC1280334
OpenAlex
W1993521875
Cited by
83
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 6
FWCI
2.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, public-domain)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES00260, P30ES000260)
  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (OH03561, R01 OH003561)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Occupational and environmental lung diseases
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Coal and Its By-products
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Industrial and Mining Safety
Keywords
coal workers' pneumoconiosis, bioavailable iron, bituminous coal, coal quality, pyritic sulfur, pyrite oxidation, coal rank, silica
MeSH terms
Biological Availability, Calcium Carbonate, Coal, Coal Mining, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Iron, Lung, Models, Theoretical, Occupational Diseases, Pneumoconiosis, Sulfides, United States, Occupational Exposure, Inhalation Exposure

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