The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Estimated Contributions of Emissions Controls, Meteorological Factors, Population Growth, and Changes in Baseline Mortality to Reductions in Ambient PM2.5 and PM2.5-Related Mortality in China, 2013–2017
Open accessAbstract
Abstract Background: In 2013, China released the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (Action Plan), which set the roadmap for national air pollution control actions for the period of 2013 to 2017. A decrease in the fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5) concentration may lead to a substantial benefit for human health. Objective: We aimed to quantify the relative contributions four factors: emission reductions, changed meteorology, population growth, and a change in baseline mortality rates to the reduced PM2.5-related mortality (PM2.5-mortality) during the 2013–2017 period and evaluate the importance of emission controls for human health protection in China. Methods: The integrated exposure–response function was adopted to estimate the chronic health effects of PM2.5. The annual PM2.5 concentrations were estimated from chemical transport model simulations combined with surface observations for 2013 and 2017. Relative contributions to PM2.5-mortality from emission reductions and the three factors were individually quantified through scenario analysis. Results: The estimated total PM2.5-mortality in China was 1.389 million [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.005 million, 1.631 million] in 2013 but was substantially reduced to 1.102 million (95% CI: 0.755 million, 1.337 million) in 2017. Emission controls contributed 88.7% to this reduction in PM2.5-mortality, while changed meteorology, the change in baseline mortality rates, and population growth during 2013–2017 contributed 9.6, 3.8, and −2.2%, respectively. Conclusions: The implementation of the Action Plan has significantly reduced the PM2.5 concentration in regions of China where population density is high, dominating the decline in PM2.5-mortality during 2013–2017. However, the health burden of PM2.5 pollution in China is still extremely high compared with that in other developed countries. An aggressive air pollution control strategy should be implemented in densely populated areas to further reduce the health burden. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4157
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
中華人民共和国国家統計局 (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 12,443
Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution
Pope III, C. A. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.9.1132 · Cited by 8,447
An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities
Dockery, D. W., Pope, C. A., Xu, X., Spengler, J. D., Ware, J. H., Fay, M. E., Ferris, B. G., & Speizer, F. E. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199312093292401 · Cited by 8,018 · cited 2×
“Epidemiologists have confirmed the association between PM2:5 concentration and health impacts, which include short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) effects (Chen et al. 2017, 2013; Dockery et al. 1993; Pope et al. 2002; Pope and Dockery 2006; Yin et al. 2017).”
Cohen, A. J., Brauer, M., Burnett, R., Anderson, H. R., Frostad, J., Estep, K., Balakrishnan, K., Brunekreef, B., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30505-6 · Cited by 6,583
Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution: Lines that Connect
Pope, C. A., & Dockery, D. W. (2006) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485 · Cited by 6,583
Iacono, M. J., Delamere, J. S., Mlawer, E. J., Shephard, M. W., Clough, S. A., & Collins, W. D. (2008) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2008jd009944 · Cited by 5,738
The Kain–Fritsch Convective Parameterization: An Update
Kain, J. S. (2004) · Journal of Applied Meteorology · doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<0170:tkcpau>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 4,964
Guenther, A., Karl, T., Harley, P., Wiedinmyer, C., Palmer, P. I., & Geron, C. (2006) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-6-3181-2006 · Cited by 4,603
Morrison, H., Thompson, G., & Tatarskii, V. (2009) · Monthly Weather Review · doi:10.1175/2008mwr2556.1 · Cited by 2,438
Burnett, R. T., Pope, C. A., Ezzati, M., Olives, C., Lim, S. S., Mehta, S., Shin, H. H., Singh, G., Hubbell, B., Brauer, M., et al. (2014) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1307049 · Cited by 1,901
Metadata
- Authors
- Ding, D., Xing, J., Wang, S., Liu, K., & Hao, J.
- Venue
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2019-06
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 067009-067009
- ISSN
- 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-9924
- OpenAlex
- W2952284260
- Cited by
- 267
- References
- 40
- FWCI
- 14.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Estimated Contributions of Emissions Controls, Meteorological Factors, Population Growth, and Changes in Baseline Mortality to Reductions in Ambient PM2.5 and PM2.5-Related Mortality in China, 2013–2017. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1289/ehp4157
- The paper
- Ding, D., Xing, J., Wang, S., Liu, K., & Hao, J. (2019). Estimated Contributions of Emissions Controls, Meteorological Factors, Population Growth, and Changes in Baseline Mortality to Reductions in Ambient PM2.5 and PM2.5-Related Mortality in China, 2013–2017. Environmental Health Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp4157
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
