Prevalence and pattern of thoracolumbar caudal articular process anomalies and intervertebral disk herniations in pugs
Open accessAbstract
Thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation (TL-IVDH) with caudal articular process anomalies has been reported in Pugs. It currently remains unclear whether congenital caudal articular process aplasia/hypoplasia predisposes to the development of TL-IVDH. However, there are difficulties in proving the causal relationship between caudal articular process anomalies and TL-IVDH. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of TL-IVDH at the vertebral space containing anomalous and normal caudal articular processes in Pugs. Fifty-seven pugs were eligible to be included in this study. Caudal articular process aplasia/hypoplasia affected 52/57 (91.2%) dogs. The caudal articular process anomalies were most frequently located between T10 and T13. Colocalization of caudal articular process aplasia/hypoplasia and TL-IVDH was detected in 11 dogs (19.3%). The prevalence of TL-IVDH at vertebral spaces containing abnormal caudal articular processes was 12.3%, whereas the prevalence of TL-IVDH at vertebral spaces containing normal articular processes was 2.4%. With the increase in the number of vertebrae with caudal articular process anomalies, the prevalence of TL-IVDH also increased. The results of this study suggested the prevalence of caudal articular process anomalies was high in Pugs. The caudal articular process anomalies could be associated with TL-IVDH. A large cohort is needed to prove the causal relationship between caudal articular process anomalies and TL-IVDH.
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Breeds with curly tails, such as Pugs and Basenjis, are prone to spinal issues like hemivertebrae and spina bifida due to the nature of their tails.
“Breeds with curly tails, such as Pugs and Basenjis, are prone to spinal issues like hemivertebrae and spina bifida due to the nature of their tails [26,93].”
From Ethical Concerns about Fashionable Dog Breeding (2024) · cites this paper as [93]
The Results report caudal articular process anomalies in 52 of 57 Pugs, supporting the general point that Pugs can have spinal abnormalities. But the study found no vertebral body malformations in the region examined and does not establish that curly tails cause spinal problems. It provides no findings about Basenjis or spina bifida. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Ethical Concerns about Fashionable Dog Breeding
Menor-Campos, D. J. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14050756 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Breeds with curly tails, such as Pugs and Basenjis, are prone to spinal issues like hemivertebrae and spina bifida due to the nature of their tails [26,93].”
Background
- Authors
- NISHIDA, H., NAKATA, K., MAEDA, S., & KAMISHINA, H.
- Affiliations
- Gifu University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- KAMISHINA, Hiroaki
- Venue
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
- Published
- 2019
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 906-910
- ISSN
- 0916-7250 (ISSN-L)
- 1347-7439
- PMC
- PMC6612495
- OpenAlex
- W2945081451
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary Orthopedics and Neurology
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary Medicine and Surgery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
- Keywords
- Pug, prevalence, congenital vertebral anomalies, thoracolumbar spine
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bone Diseases, Developmental, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Female, Intervertebral Disc Displacement, Lumbar Vertebrae, Male, Thoracic Vertebrae, Prevalence, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
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