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Culturally Responsive Services as a Path to Equity in Mental Healthcare
Abstract
Indigenous peoples, immigrants and refugees and racialized groups, as well as some long-established ethnic, linguistic, cultural and religious communities, experience inequities in mental health in Canadian society. These inequities result from social structural determinants of health that are embedded in the cultural knowledge, values and attitudes of the specific group as well as those of the larger society. Culture shapes the experience and expression of mental health problems, modes of coping, pathways to care and the effectiveness of treatment and prevention, as well as the processes of resilience and recovery. Systematic attention to culture in the provision of mental health services can improve access, utilization and health outcomes. We review models to address diversity in mental healthcare and identify key areas in which we believe policy innovation is urgently needed: 1. Cultural competence, safety and anti-racism training and accreditation standards for practitioners and for healthcare education, service systems and institutions; 2. National regulations and quality assurance standards to ensure use of language interpreters; 3. Development of a cadre of culture brokers to improve clinical communication; and 4. Integration of attention to culture in service systems design, as well as clinical practice.
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“Approaches such as intercultural therapy emphasize an understanding of the client’s cultural background, values, and beliefs to optimize treatment outcomes [203].”
From Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective. (2025) · cites this paper as [203]
In the citing paper
“Individualized therapy models, such as CBT and ACT, which emphasize self-directed coping and personal resilience, are more commonly used [203].”
From Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective. (2025) · cites this paper as [203]
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Update on the Cultural Formulation Interview
Jarvis, G. E., Kirmayer, L. J., Gómez-Carrillo, A., Aggarwal, N. K., & Lewis-Fernández, R. (2020) · Focus · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20190037 · Cited by 91
Self-citationThere is no health without Cultural Safety: why Cultural Safety matters
McGough, S., Wynaden, D., Gower, S., Duggan, R., & Wilson, R. L. (2022) · Contemporary Nurse · doi:10.1080/10376178.2022.2027254 · Cited by 64
“…or a ‘colour blind’ approach invalidates negative racial experiences, cultural perspectives and traumatic histories (Fryberg & Stephens, 2010) and demonstrates a lack of understanding of the difference between equal care versus equitable care, resulting in ethnocentrism (Kirmayer & Jarvis, 2019).”
BackgroundTrauma and Resilience Among Displaced Populations
Theisen-Womersley, G. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67712-1 · Cited by 84
Sanchez, A. L., Comer, J. S., & Roche, M. J. L. (2021) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.04.003 · Cited by 55
The Politics of Diversity: Pluralism, Multiculturalism and Mental Health
Kirmayer, L. J. (2019) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461519888608 · Cited by 44
“Devising ways to recognize and respond positively to diversity in mental health care is both essential to address disparities and may contribute in meaningful ways to building pluralistic civil society (Kirmayer & Jarvis, 2019).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Kirmayer, L., & Jarvis, G.
- Affiliations
- Jewish General Hospital (CA)
- Venue
- HealthcarePapers
- Publisher
- Longwoods Publishing
- Published
- 2019-09-16
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 11-23
- ISSN
- 1488-917X (ISSN-L)
- 1929-6339
- OpenAlex
- W2980215970
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 16.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- A Nudge Too Far? A Nudge at All? On Paying People to Be Healthy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Cultural Competency in Health Care
- Social Sciences › Health › Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Keywords
- culturally responsive mental health services, mental health equity, indigenous peoples, immigrants and refugees, racialized communities, cultural competence, anti-racism training, interpreters, culture brokers, structural determinants of health, access to mental health care, health policy, Canada
- MeSH terms
- Health Equity, Indigenous Peoples, Mental Disorders, Canada, Health Personnel, Health Policy, Humans, Mental Health Services, Quality of Health Care, Refugees, Emigrants and Immigrants, Cultural Competency, Social Determinants of Health
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