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Cited by 81Immunotoxicology and immune responsesCarcinogens and Genotoxicity AssessmentCancer and Skin Lesions

Proliferative and Non-Proliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Integument

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Mecklenburg, Lars, Kusewitt, Donna, Kolly, Carine, Treumann, Silke, Adams, E. Terence, Diegel, Kelly, Yamate, Jyoji, Kaufmann, Wolfgang +3 more·2013·Journal of Toxicologic Pathology
DOI 10.1293/tox.26.27sPMC PMC4091526
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Abstract

The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) project is a joint initiative of the societies of toxicological pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North America (STP). Its aim is to develop an internationally-accepted nomenclature for proliferative and non-proliferative lesions in laboratory rodents. A widely accepted international harmonization of nomenclature in laboratory animals will decrease confusion among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and will provide a common language to increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopical lesions observed in the integument of laboratory rats and mice. Example colour images are provided for most lesions. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document and additional colour images are also available electronically at http://www.goreni.org. The nomenclature presented herein is based on histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world, and covers lesions that develop spontaneously as well as those induced by exposure to various test materials. (DOI: 10.1293/tox.26.27S; J Toxicol Pathol 2013; 26: 27S-57S).

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  • The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis and is the protective barrier of the skin that excludes toxic agents and microbes and prevents dehydration.

    “The stratum corneum is composed of dead deposits of terminally maturing keratinocytes and is the outermost layer of the epidermis, which is the protective barrier of the skin that excludes toxic agents and microbes and prevents dehydration1, 2.”

    From Morphological characteristics and notes of the skin in preclinical toxicity assessment (2023) · cites this paper as [1]

    Normal morphology (page unavailable) describes the stratum corneum as containing terminally differentiated keratinocytes at the desquamating epidermal surface. The Introduction, under “Ontology, anatomy and function of the rodent skin” (page unavailable), says skin protects against chemical and microbiological agents. Our copy does not state that the stratum corneum specifically provides those protections or prevents dehydration. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Melanocytes are neural crest-derived cells with melanosomes that produce and secrete melanin to adjacent basal cells and prickle cells.

    “Melanocytes are neural crest-derived cells with organelles called melanosomes that produce and secrete melanin to adjacent basal cells and prickle cells1, 2.”

    From Morphological characteristics and notes of the skin in preclinical toxicity assessment (2023) · cites this paper as [1]

    The Normal morphology section (page not provided) states that mouse melanocytes derive from neural crest cells and become interdigitated between keratinocytes. The paper also mentions melanosomes in its diagnostic discussion, but the retrieved passages do not say that melanocytes produce and secrete melanin to adjacent basal and prickle cells. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Hair follicles are formed by differentiation of the stem cells in the follicular bulb, called the bulge, where the arrector pili muscle joins.

    “Hair follicles are formed by differentiation of the stem cells in the follicular bulb, called the bulge, where the arrector pili muscle joins1, 31.”

    From Morphological characteristics and notes of the skin in preclinical toxicity assessment (2023) · cites this paper as [1]

    The Normal morphology section (page not available) says that matrix cells in the hair bulb differentiate to form the hair shaft and inner root sheath. The Neoplastic proliferative lesions section (page not available) mentions stem cells in the hair follicle bulge. Neither passage calls the bulb the bulge or locates the bulge where the arrector pili muscle joins. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The dermis consists of types I, III, V, and VI collagen, elastic and reticulum fibers.

    “The dermis consists of types I, III, V, and VI collagen, elastic and reticulum fibers1, 12.”

    From Morphological characteristics and notes of the skin in preclinical toxicity assessment (2023) · cites this paper as [1]

  • The hair cycle consists of three stages: anagen, catagen, and telogen.

    “The hair cycle consists of three stages: an actively growing phase (anagen), transition phase (catagen), and quiescent phase (telogen) (Fig. 6)1, 9, 12.”

    From Morphological characteristics and notes of the skin in preclinical toxicity assessment (2023) · cites this paper as [1]

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Research works printed but not linked: 126

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Authors
Mecklenburg, L., Kusewitt, D., Kolly, C., Treumann, S., Adams, E. T., Diegel, K., Yamate, J., Kaufmann, W., Müller, S., Danilenko, D., & Bradley, A.
Affiliations
  • mecklenburg-consulting, Hamburg, Germany
  • The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
  • Novartis (Switzerland) (CH)
  • BASF (Germany) (DE)
  • Experimental Pathology Laboratories (US)
  • Hoffmann La-Roche Nonclinical Safety, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
  • Osaka Prefecture University (JP)
  • Merck Serono Research & Development, Darmstadt, Germany
  • Boehringer Ingelheim (Germany) (DE)
  • Genentech (US)
  • Charles River Laboratories (United Kingdom) (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Toxicologic Pathology
Publisher
Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology
Published
2013
Volume
26
Issue
3_Suppl
Pages
27S-57S
ISSN
  • 0914-9198 (ISSN-L)
  • 1881-915X
DOI
10.1293/tox.26.27s
PMC
PMC4091526
OpenAlex
W2029842260
Cited by
81
References
115
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3
FWCI
0.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Toxicologic Pathology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Cancer and Skin Lesions
Keywords
skin histopathology, proliferative lesions, laboratory rats, laboratory mice, toxicologic pathology

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