The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Routine PHQ-9 Depression Screening in Home Health Care: Depression Prevalence, Clinical and Treatment Characteristics, and Screening Implementation
Open accessAbstract
This study aimed to examine: the prevalence and correlates of depression among adults age 65 and over on admission to diverse home health care programs; nurse compliance with routine screening using the PHQ-9; and concordance between the number of depressed individuals identified by the PHQ-9 and Medicare-mandated nursing assessment following targeted nurse training in identifying depression among the elderly using a standard diagnostic screen. Data are drawn from routine screening of 9,178 patients (a 77% screening compliance rate). Of all patients screened, 782 (8.5%) met criteria for probable major depression and 148 (1.6%) for mild depression. Concordance between nurse identified depression via PHQ-9 and OASIS depression assessment improved over that reported in previous studies. Findings suggest that the use of a routine screening tool for depression can be implemented with minimal in-house training and improves detection of depression among older adults with significant physical and functional impairment.
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“Based on effect sizes from these large studies (Ell et al., 2006; Ko et al., 2012, Slade et al., 2011), we determined pre-pandemic rate of depressive symptoms to range from 6.2% to 11.5%.”
From Prevalence rates of anxiety, depressive, and eating pathology symptoms between the pre- and peri-COVID-19 eras: A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Ell et al., 2006
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Cites
The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x · Cited by 44,910
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The MOS 36-ltem Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual Framework and Item Selection
Ware, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002 · Cited by 30,033
Spitzer, R. L. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.18.1737 · Cited by 9,802
The PHQ-9: A New Depression Diagnostic and Severity Measure
Kroenke, K., & Spitzer, R. L. (2002) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0048-5713-20020901-06 · Cited by 5,898 · cited 1×
“…clinically important depression, to make accurate diagnoses of major depression, to track severity of depression over time, and to monitor patient response to therapy (Löwe, Unützer, Callahan, Perkins, & Kroenke, 2004; Löwe, Gräfe, Zipfel, Witte, Loerch, & Herzog, 2005; Kroenke & Spitzer, 2002).”
(2019) · doi:10.1188/19.onf · Cited by 3,233
Unützer, J., Katon, W., Callahan, C. M., Williams, Jr., Hunkeler, E., Harpole, L., Hoffing, M., Della Penna, R. D., Noël, P. H., Lin, E. H. B., et al. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.22.2836 · Cited by 2,405
Self-citationLöwe, B., Kroenke, K., Herzog, W., & Gräfe, K. (2004) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(03)00198-8 · Cited by 1,558 · cited 1×
“…Gräfe, Kroenke, Quenter, Zipfel et al., 2004; Kroenke et al., 2001), and has been used with older adults in the IMPACT primary care study, where it was found to be sensitive to change in symptom severity when compared with a longer standardized depression severity measure (Löwe et al., 2004c).”
Monitoring Depression Treatment Outcomes With the Patient Health Questionnaire-9
L??we, B., Un??tzer, J., Callahan, C. M., Perkins, A. J., & Kroenke, K. (2004) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200412000-00006 · Cited by 1,354
Self-citationPignone, M. P., Gaynes, B. N., Rushton, J. L., Burchell, C. M., Orleans, C. T., Mulrow, C. D., & Lohr, K. N. (2002) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-10-200205210-00013 · Cited by 1,086
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Brown E. L., 2004, Long Term Care Interface, 5, 34
- Bruno L., 2003, Caring, 22, 54
- Ell K., Home Health Care Services Quarterly.
- Fazzi R. A., 2003, Caring Magazine, 23, 52
- 2002, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
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Choi, N. G., & DiNitto, D. M. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2645 · Cited by 871
An Interdisciplinary Expert Consensus Statement on Assessment of Pain in Older Persons
Hadjistavropoulos, T., Herr, K., Turk, D. C., Fine, P. G., Dworkin, R. H., Helme, R. D., Jackson, K. C., Parmelee, P. A., Rudy, T. E., Beattie, B. L., et al. (2006) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e31802be869 · Cited by 570
“Other brief instruments that have been used successfully in the assessment of old age depression include the Patient Health Questionnaire-Depression Module (PHQ-9) which is a brief tool that scores on each of the nine DSM-IV(282) diagnostic criteria.(283,284) Anxiety is often a central concern of patients with pain pr…”
MethodOsório, F. D. L., Mendes, A. V., Crippa, J. A. S., & Loureiro, S. R. (2009) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2009.00224.x · Cited by 321
Validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression screening among Chinese Americans
Yeung, A., Fung, F., Yu, S.-C., Vorono, S., Ly, M., Wu, S. L., & D, M. F. M. (2007) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2006.06.002 · Cited by 261
“Because of its brevity and its relatively high positive predictive value (6), the PHQ-9 has gained increased recognition as the preferred instrument for researching depression screenings in primary care settings (8-11).”
BackgroundReliability and validity of the PHQ‐9 for screening late‐life depression in Chinese primary care
Chen, S., Chiu, H. F. K., Xu, B., Ma, Y., Jin, T., Wu, M., & Conwell, Y. (2009) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2442 · Cited by 242
“…with depression and monitor the change of their depressive symptoms with treatments (Kroenke et al., 2001; Nease and Maloin, 2003; Lowe et al., 2004a; Lowe et al., 2004b; Ell et al., 2005; Pinto-Meza et al., 2005; Lowe et al., 2006; Esler et al., 2007; Thombs et al., 2007; Wittkampf et al., 2007).”
BackgroundMethod
Metadata
- Authors
- Ell, K., Unützer, J., Aranda, M., Sanchez, K., & Lee, P.-J.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Venue
- Home Health Care Services Quarterly
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-01-24
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1-19
- ISSN
- 0162-1424 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-0856
- PMC
- PMC1421520
- OpenAlex
- W2061868822
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 8.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Home Health Care Services Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (5 R24 MH61700-02, R24MH061700)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Health and Well-being Studies
- Keywords
- depression screening, PHQ-9, home health care, older adults, depression prevalence, nurse compliance, screening program implementation, functional disability
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Community Health Nursing, Depression, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Female, Home Care Services, Humans, Male, United States, Geriatric Assessment
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